Pyschiatric Disorders Flashcards
What is Schizophrenia?
the breakdown of integration of emotion, thought, and action
What do genes disrupt in schizophrenics?
migration and myelination
What two drugs mimic schizophrenia?
Cocaine and amphetamine
Dopamine reuptake inhibitors
What is the relation between Dopamine and Schizophrenia?
The higher affinity a drug has to black dopamine receptors, the more effective it is in treating the disorder, implying increased dopamine is effective.
Why are dopamine theories not enough to explain Schizophrenia?
- neuroleptics act quickly to the synapse, but do not alleviate symptoms for weeks
- and only effective for some people
- mainly effective for reducing positive symptoms
LSD acts on what to mimic schizophrenia?
Serotonin receptors
How do anesthetics mimic the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia?
By acting as antagonists of glutamate receptors
What is unique about neurological development for ADHDers?
More slowly developing prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex
How does amphetamine treat ADHD?
Competes with/reverses reuptake transporters
How does methylphenidate treat ADHD?
reuptake inhibitor
What structures tend to be abnormal in bipolar patients?
amygdala
hippocampus
medial prefrontal cortex
Antidepressants are agonists of what?
monoanimes serotonin/norepinephrine
Neuroplasicity theory of depression
reduction ins the synthesis of neurotrophins in cortical areas and a decrease in neurogenesis in hippocampus
How does fear work in the brain?
Amygdala measures response and activates the autonomic, fast response, while also activating the slow, humoral response in the hypothalamus
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortex relates cortisol to enable the body to maintain prolonged alertness
The HPA axis is excited by the amygdala and inhibited by the hippocampus, while while the later two are also excited/inhibited by the ventromedial prefrontal cortex
Tourette’s patients have what?
Smaller caudate nuclei, thinning of sensorimotor cortex
