Brain Damage and Neuroplasticity Flashcards
Stroke infarct
Area of dysfunctional tissue
Stroke penumbra
Affected area surrounding infarct
Cerebral hommorage
bleeding, aneurysm (congenital or infection)
cerebral ischemia
Disruption of blood supply
- thrombosis: blocking at formation site
- embolism: clot carried by blood from large vessel to small vessel
- Arteriosclerosis: Walls of blood vessel thicken and narrow the channel
How does ischemia work?
- Blood vessel becomes blocked
- Releasing excessive glutamate from affected neurons
- This glutamate binds to NMDA receptors, triggering an influx and Na and Ca into postsynaptic neurons
Contusion
Damage to circulatory system
Coup, site
Contrecoup, opposite
Concussion
Blow affecting consciousness
How does waste management work in the brain?
Astrocytes use end feet to form a network of conduits around arteries, CSF is pumped through these channels and filters into veinous channels and is drained from the brain
Damage is related to dementia
Encephalitis
Brain inflammation due to infection
How does neuroplasticity degeneration work?
- Axon cut
- Distal portion of cut neuron degenerates
- Then proximal degeneration
- Then neurons synapsed to that neuron may degenerate
How does neuroplasicity regeneration work?
There must be Schwann cell sheaths for regeneration to work, and if there is some then it will grow back wrong, and if there is none, there will be no growth
Happens usually via collateral sprouting, where an adjacent axon will synapses more on the neuron that lost old cell
Neuroplasticity reorganization
When an area looses need or function it faces competition for other areas that will use that neurospace for its needs: strengthening connections and new connections both
Three ways to prevent cognitive dysfunction following an injury
block neurodegeneration
promote recovery (Schwann cells transplant)
rehab
