Emotion and Stress

Question 1

Amygdala, emotions

Answer 1

Autonomic response

Question 2

anterior cingulate gyrus

Answer 2

feelings, somatic

Question 3

ventromedial cortex & prefrontal cortex

Answer 3

regulation

Question 4

Three amygdala groups

Answer 4

1. corticomedial: olfactory
2. basolateral nuclei: other inputs
3. central nucleus: outputs

Question 5

Three major inputs to the amygdala

Answer 5

1. hippocampus
2. anterior cingulate
3. ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Question 6

Major amygdala outputs

Answer 6

1. thalamus and sensory cortices
2. hipocampus
3. anterior cingulate and ventromedial/orbitofactory cortex

Question 7

How does the amygdala manage fear?

Answer 7

Evaluates the emotional significance of a sound and stimulates the hypothalamus to activate the appropriate autonomic and hormonal responses

Question 8

Ventral anterior cingulate cortex

Answer 8

Gives rise to the mental states of emotion, reporting to VMPFC, and then motivates appraise responses to the DLPFC.

Question 9

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Answer 9

Regulate responses to emotional stimuli

Question 10

Path and function of serotonin

Answer 10

Regulate mood

Raphe nuclei to medial forebrain bundle to emotional circuit

Question 11

General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 11

1. Alarm, via sympathetic NS
2. Resistance, via pituitary-adrenal cortex to release glucortioids
3. Exhaustion, lack of energy

Question 12

Episodic memory and immune response have what in common?

Answer 12

Low levels of stress improve these function, but high levels impair them