PYS101 L13 Key Terms Ch 17

Question 1

A drug frequently given to people suffering from bipolar disorder.

Answer 1

Lithium carbonate

Question 2

A minimum of one or two therapeutic sessions specifically focused on increasing a client’s motivation to change behavior.

Answer 2

Motivational interviewing

Question 3

A theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy, originally formulated by Sigmund Freud that emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts.

Answer 3

Psychoanalysis

Question 4

Drugs used primarily in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.

Answer 4

Antipsychotic drugs

Question 5

Primary goal is to modify family patterns that perpetuate problems and conflicts.

Answer 5

Family therapy

Question 6

Any surgical procedure that destroys selected areas of the brain believed to be involved in emotional disorders or violent, impulsive behaviors.

Answer 6

Psychosurgery

Question 7

A form of therapy designed to identify and change irrational, unproductive ways of thinking and, hence, to reduce negative emotions.

Answer 7

Cognitive therapy

Question 8

A form of therapy designed to help clients explore the meaning of existence and face the great questions of life, such as death, freedom alienation, and loneliness.

Answer 8

Existential therapy

Question 9

The application of techniques derived from the behavioral principles of classical and operant conditioning.

Answer 9

Applied behavior analysis

Question 10

A psychodynamic approach that emphasizes the importance of the infant’s first two years of life and the baby’s formative relationships, especially with the mother

Answer 10

Object-relations (psychodynamic) therapy

Question 11

A procedure used in cases of prolonged and severe major depression, in which a brief brain seizure is induced.

Answer 11

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Question 12

In psychodynamic therapies, the process of saying freely whatever comes to mind in connection with dreams, memories, fantasies, or conflicts.

Answer 12

Free association

Question 13

Theories that explain behavior and personality in terms of unconscious energy dynamics within the individual.

Answer 13

Psychodynamic (“depth”) therapies

Question 14

In behavior therapy, an effort to teach the client skills that he or she may lack, as well as new constructive behaviors to replace self-defeating ones.

Answer 14

Skills training

Question 15

Assess and treat people who are physically disabled - temporarily or permanently.

Answer 15

Rehabilitation psychologists

Question 16

A neurological disorder consisting of involuntary muscle movement that can develop as a negative side effect of antipsychotics.

Answer 16

Tardive dyskinesia

Question 17

A form of therapy that applies principles of classical and operant conditioning to help people change self-defeating or problematic behaviors.

Answer 17

Behavior therapy

Question 18

Drugs used primarily in the treatment of mood disorders, especially depression and anxiety.

Answer 18

Antidepressant drugs

Question 19

A form of cognitive therapy devised by Albert Ellis, designed to challenge the client’s unrealistic thoughts.

Answer 19

Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

Question 20

The breach between practicing therapists and academic psychology departments where research and the study of different therapy techniques are required.

Answer 20

Scientist-practitioner gap

Question 21

In behavior therapy, a step-by-step process of desensitizing a client to a feared object or experience; it is based on the classical-conditioning procedure of counterconditioning.

Answer 21

Systematic desensitization

Question 22

The right amount of drug dosage that works effectively. The same dose of a drug may be metabolized differently in men and women, young and old people, and different ethnic groups.

Answer 22

Therapeutic window

Question 23

To Carl Rogers, love or support given to another person with no conditions attached.

Answer 23

Unconditional positive regard

Question 24

In behavior therapy, a method of keeping careful data on the frequency and consequences of the behavior to be changed.

Answer 24

Behavioral self-monitoring

Question 25

In behavior therapy, a form of exposure treatment in which the client is taken directly into the feared situation until his or her panic subsides.

Answer 25

Flooding

Question 26

An approach to doing therapy with individuals or families by identifying how each family member forms part of a larger interacting system.

Answer 26

Family-systems perspective

Question 27

In behavior therapy, a method in which a person suffering from a phobia or panic attacks is gradually taken into the fear situation or exposed to a traumatic memory until the anxiety subsides.

Answer 27

Graduated exposure

Question 28

In classical conditioning, the process of pairing a conditioned stimulus with a stimulus that elicits a response that is incompatible with an unwanted conditioned response.

Answer 28

Counterconditioning

Question 29

A community intervention to treat individuals and their environment. The premise of multisystemic therapy is that because aggressiveness and drug abuse are often reinforced or caused by an adolescent’s family, classroom, peers, and local culture, one can’t successfully treat the adolescent without also treating his or her environment.

Answer 29

Multisystemic therapy (MST)

Question 30

Primary goal is to help couples communicate better, resolve conflicts, and/or accept what cannot be changed.

Answer 30

Couples therapy

Question 31

A method of stimulating brain cells, using a powerful magnetic field produced by a wire coil placed on a person’s head; it can be used by researchers to temporarily inactivate neural circuits and is also being used therapeutically.

Answer 31

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Question 32

The bond of confidence and mutual understanding established between therapist and client, which allows them to work together to solve the clients problems.

Answer 32

Therapeutic alliance

Question 33

A surgical procedure invented in 1935 by a Portuguese neurologist, Antonio Egas Moniz, to reduce the patient’s emotional symptoms without impairing intellectual ability. Two holes were drilled into the skull of a mental patient and the nerve fibers running from the prefrontal lobes to other areas were crushed or cut.

Answer 33

Prefrontal lobotomy

Question 34

A form of psychotherapy based on the philosophy of humanism, which emphasizes the client’s free will to change rather than past conflicts.

Answer 34

Humanist therapy

Question 35

A humanist approach, devised by Carl Rogers, which emphasizes the therapist’s empathy with the client and the use of unconditional positive regard.

Answer 35

Client-centered (nondirective) therapy

Question 36

Psychotherapy that draws on methods and ideas from various schools, avoiding strong allegiance to any one theory.

Answer 36

Integrative approach to psychotherapy

Question 37

The apparent success of a medication or treatment due to the patient’s expectations or hopes rather than to the drug or treatment itself.

Answer 37

Placebo effect

Question 38

Research designed to determine the effectiveness of a new medication or form of therapy, in which people with a given problem or disorder are randomly assigned to one or more treatment groups or to a control group.

Answer 38

Randomized controlled trials

Question 39

Set up programs at a community level, often incorporating outpatient services, to help people who have severe mental disorders.

Answer 39

Community psychologists