PSY101 L13 Key Terms Ch 16

Question 1

Extreme anxiety experienced by some who believe they are being observed by others and worry they will do or say something that will be excruciatingly humiliating or embarrassing.

Answer 1

Social phobia

Question 2

A disorder characterized by unreasonable, excessive suspiciousness and mistrust, and irrational feelings of being persecuted by others.

Answer 2

Paranoid personality disorder

Question 3

Multiple personality disorder (MPD) is an extreme form of the ability people all have to present different aspects of their personalities to others. MPD provides a culturally acceptable way for some troubled people to make sense of their problems.

Answer 3

Sociocognitive explanation of MPD

Question 4

A continuous state of anxiety marked by feelings of worry and dread, apprehension, difficulties in concentration and signs of motor tension.

Answer 4

Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 5

A set of phobias, often set off by a panic attack, involving the basic fear of being away from a safe place or person.

Answer 5

Agoraphobia

Question 6

Individuals completely withdrawn into a private world, sitting for hours without moving. It can also produce frenzied, purposeless behavior that can go on for hours.

Answer 6

Catatonic stupor

Question 7

An illogical jumble of ideas and symbols linked by meaningless words or remote associations.

Answer 7

“word salad”

Question 8

An abnormally high state of exhilaration.

Answer 8

Mania

Question 9

A mood disorder in which episodes of both depression and mania (excessive euphoria) occur.

Answer 9

Bipolar disorder

Question 10

An extreme mental disturbance involving distorted perceptions and irrational behavior; it may have psychological or organic causes.

Answer 10

Psychosis (Plural: Psychoses)

Question 11

A mood disorder involving disturbances in emotion (excessive sadness), behavior (loss of interest in one’s usual activities), cognition (thoughts of hopelessness), and body function (fatigue and loss of appetite).

Answer 11

Major depression

Question 12

Addiction is due primarily to a person’s biochemistry, metabolism, and genetic predisposition.

Answer 12

Biological model of addiction

Question 13

A personality disorder characterized by a lifelong pattern of irresponsible, antisocial behavior such as lawbreaking, violence, and other impulsive, reckless acts.

Answer 13

Antisocial personality disorder (APD)

Question 14

When a person’s vulnerabilities interact with stressful events, producing chronic depression.

Answer 14

Vulnerability-stress model

Question 15

A personality disorder characterized by a lack of remorse, empathy, anxiety, and other social emotions; the use of deceit and manipulation; and impulsive thrill seeking.

Answer 15

Psychopathy

Question 16

An anxiety disorder in which a person experiences recurring panic attacks, periods of intense fear, and feelings of impending doom or death, accompanied by physiological symptoms such as rapid heart rate and dizziness.

Answer 16

Panic disorder (panic attack)

Question 17

A disorder characterized by intense but unstable relationships, a fear of abandonment by others, an unrealistic self-image, and emotional volatility.

Answer 17

Borderline personality disorder

Question 18

A psychotic disorder marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized and incoherent speech, inappropriate behavior, and cognitive impairments.

Answer 18

Schizophrenia

Question 19

A disorder characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance and self-absorption.

Answer 19

Narcissistic personality disorder

Question 20

Reference manual used to diagnose mental disorders.

Answer 20

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

Question 21

A widely used objective personality test.

Answer 21

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Question 22

A split in consciousness in which one part of the mind operates independently of others.

Answer 22

Dissociation

Question 23

A projective personality test that requires respondents to interpret abstract, symmetrical inkblots.

Answer 23

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Question 24

Any behavior or emotional state that causes an individual great suffering, is self-destructive, seriously impairs the person’s ability to work or get along with others, or endangers others or the community.

Answer 24

Mental disorder

Question 25

An anxiety disorder in which a person feels trapped in repetitive, persistent thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive, ritualized behaviors (compulsions) designed to reduce anxiety.

Answer 25

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Question 26

Disorders that are specific to particular cultural contexts.

Answer 26

Culture-bound syndromes

Question 27

An exaggerated, unrealistic fear of a specific situation, activity, or object.

Answer 27

Phobia

Question 28

A controversial disorder marked by the apparent appearance within one person of two or more distinct personalities, each with its own name and traits; formerly known as multiple personality disorder, (MPD).

Answer 28

Dissociative identity disorder

Question 29

Disturbances in mood ranging from extreme depression to extreme mania.

Answer 29

Mood disorder

Question 30

A maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress.

Answer 30

Substance abuse

Question 31

An anxiety disorder in which a person who has experienced a traumatic or life-threatening event has symptoms such as psychic numbing, reliving of the trauma, and increased physiological arousal.

Answer 31

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)