PSY101 L11 Key Terms Ch 13

Question 1

In psychoanalytic theory, the selective, involuntary pushing of threatening or upsetting information into the unconscious.

Answer 1

Repression

Question 2

A statistical estimation of the proportion of the total variance in some trait that is attributable to genetic differences among individuals within a group.

Answer 2

Heritability

Question 3

In psychoanalysis, a conflict occurring in the phallic (Oedipal) stage, in which a child desires the parent of the other sex and views the same-sex parent as a rival.

Answer 3

Oedipus complex

Question 4

Universal, symbolic images that appear in myths, art, stories, and dreams; to Jungians, they reflect the collective unconscious.

Answer 4

Archetypes [AR-ki-tipes]

Question 5

Oral, Phallic, Latency, Genital

Answer 5

Psychosexual stages

Question 6

A program of shared rules that govern the behavior of people in a community or society, and a set of values, beliefs, and customs shared by most members of the community.

Answer 6

Culture

Question 7

In psychoanalysis, the psychic energy that fuels the life or sexual instincts of the id.

Answer 7

Libido [li-BEE-do]

Question 8

A distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behavior, thoughts, motives, and emotions that characterizes an individual.

Answer 8

Personality

Question 9

When a person reverts to a previous phase of psychological development.

Answer 9

Regression

Question 10

A characteristic of an individual, describing a habitual way of behaving, thinking, or feeling.

Answer 10

Trait

Question 11

Theories that explain behavior and personality in terms of unconscious energy dynamics within the individual.

Answer 11

Psychodynamic theories

Question 12

An Austrian neurologist known for his method of psychotherapy- psychoanalysis; publication of The Interpretation of Dreams; and his theory of personality which is composed of three elements: id, ego and superego.

Answer 12

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Question 13

An American humanistic psychologist, developed the hierarchy of needs.

Answer 13

Abraham Maslow (1908 - 1970

Question 14

One who strives for a life that is meaningful, challenging, and satisfying.

Answer 14

Self-actualization

Question 15

In individualist cultures the independence of the individual often takes precedence over the needs of the group. (Primarily European cultures); collectivist cultures group harmony often takes precedence over the needs of the individual. (Primarily Eastern cultures)

Answer 15

Individualist versus collectivist cultures

Question 16

In psychoanalysis, the part of personality containing inherited psychic energy, particularly sexual and aggressive instincts.

Answer 16

Id

Question 17

A humanistic psychologist who brought to American psychology elements of European existentialism, which emphasizes the inevitable dilemmas and challenges of human existence.

Answer 17

Rollo May

Question 18

Repressing one’s own unacceptable or threatening feelings and attributing them to someone else.

Answer 18

Projection

Question 19

An American humanistic psychologist, developed the theory of unconditional positive regard.

Answer 19

Carl Rogers

Question 20

To Carl Rogers, love or support given to another person with no conditions attached.

Answer 20

Unconditional positive regard

Question 21

Refusal to admit something unpleasant is happening.

Answer 21

Denial

Question 22

Extroversion vs introversion; neuroticism vs emotional stability; agreeableness vs antagonism; conscientiousness vs impulsiveness; openness to experience vs resistance to new experience.

Answer 22

The “Big Five” personality traits

Question 23

The story people develop over time to explain themselves and make meaning of everything that has happened to them.

Answer 23

Life narratives

Question 24

Methods used by the ego to prevent unconscious anxiety or threatening thoughts from entering consciousness.

Answer 24

Defense mechanisms

Question 25

A psychological approach that emphasizes free will, personal growth, resilience, and the achievement of human potential.

Answer 25

Humanist psychology

Question 26

A Swiss Psychiatrist who broke away from Freud’s theory of the unconscious and developed his own theory of a collective unconscious that all human beings share.

Answer 26

Carl Jung (1875 - 1961)

Question 27

In psychoanalysis, the part of personality that represents conscience, morality, and social standards.

Answer 27

Superego

Question 28

Physiological dispositions to respond to the environment in certain ways; they are present in infancy and in many nonhuman species and are assumed to be innate.

Answer 28

Temperaments

Question 29

In psychoanalysis, the part of the personality that represents, reason, good sense, and rational self-control.

Answer 29

Ego