Pyruvate

Question 1

what is pyruvate

Answer 1

a glycolytic end product
- potential weight loss or ergogenic aid

Question 2

what was the initial kind of discovery

Answer 2

a fishing expedition

Question 3

what was the first model used

Answer 3

reduction of alcohol induced Fatty liver

Question 4

do DHA and pyruvate work together dependently or independently

Answer 4

dependently

Question 5

DHA

Answer 5

dihydroxyacetone
- similar in structure to pyruvate

Question 6

DHA + pyruvate =

Answer 6

decrease in liver lipids produced by ethanol

Question 7

does DHA or pyruvate alone decrease liver lipids produced by ethanol

Answer 7

NO

Question 8

in rodents there are some evidence that pyruvate and DHA

Answer 8

1. reduce food intake
2. increased energy expenditure
3. increased fat oxidation
   4.increased thyroxine (T4)

Question 9

T or F Metabolic rate goes up in pyruvate + DHA energy expenditure in rats

Answer 9

T

Question 10

what thyroid hormone is most active and shows an affect

Answer 10

T3

Question 11

what makes the zurker rat the zurker rat

Answer 11

absence of the leptin receptor (different from ob/ob mouse)

Question 12

food intake is _____, but does not entirely predict the ______ weight gain with pyruvate and DHA

Answer 12

decreased, reduced

Question 13

pair fed –> Liver TGs = ______

Answer 13

increased

Question 14

Pyruvate alone VO2

Answer 14

increases and caloric expenditure

Question 15

in pyruvate alone

Answer 15

all three groups gained less weight

Question 16

what is futile cycling

Answer 16

cycle or loop that burns ATP

Question 17

muscle pyruvate ____ in excess of what PDH can convert to acetyl CoA or entry into Span II of Krebs

Answer 17

increase

Question 18

pyruvate kinase

Answer 18

creates ATP

Question 19

PEPCK and pyruvate carboxylase

Answer 19

consumes energy

Question 20

what is the ratio from produced eneergy to consumed in the futile cycle

Answer 20

2:1

Question 21

early findings of high pyruvate concentration in diet of human

Answer 21

improved weight loss, prevented weight regain, lower plasma cholesterol

Question 22

who holds the patent of the pyruvate application

Answer 22

richard stanko

Question 23

application of pyruvate

Answer 23

weight loss etc.

Question 24

characteristics of stanko’s studies

Answer 24

• morbidly obese patients
• confined to metabolic wards
• very restricted diets
  high dosages (25g pyr or 75g of DHA)