Pyrometallurgy 3 (Terms) Flashcards

1
Q
  • the oldest type of furnace
  • the crucible is heated by the flame and radiation from the sidewalls, and transfers the heat to the bath
  • the charge is isolated from external heat source
A

Oil/Coke-fired Crucible Furnaces

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2
Q
  • Uses heating coils
  • Indirect heating of charge
A

Induction Furnace

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3
Q
  • the flame heats the bath both directly and by radiation from the roof
  • considerable length is required to attain proper heat transfer from the long flame
A

Hearth Furnaces

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4
Q
  • electrodes deliver the electrical energy
  • Electric arc + slag resistance provides heating
  • advantages include
    ◦ high degree of
    temperature control,
    ◦ flexibility of operation,
    ◦ cleanliness of melt
A

Electric Arc Furnace

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5
Q
  • used for continuous melting
    processes;
  • solid charge flows down under gravity and product collected at the bath
  • Hot gases rise to heat / react with charge
A

Vertical Shaft Furnace

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6
Q

recovery of volatile products

A

Retorts

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7
Q

high temperature vessels in which gas is blown through liquid metal

A

Converters

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8
Q
  • Liquid product with the lowest specific gravity
  • Generally the waste product
  • Major components are oxides, fluorides, silicates, phosphates, borates, etc., but they lose their individual identities in the slag
  • Complex, but single phase solutions
A

Slag

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9
Q

Properties of Pyromet Phases

inherent porosities

A

Solid Metals

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10
Q

Properties of Pyromet Phases

volatilize as mono-atomic gases; obey the IDEAL GAS EQUATION

A

Gaseous Metals

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11
Q

Properties of Pyromet Phases

low viscosity, high surface tension, good solubility with other metals of similar characteristics

A
  • Liquid Metals
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12
Q

As the outlet of unwanted charge components, it must collect and dissolve the maximum possible amounts
◦ On the converse, it should carry the minimum amount of wanted component

A
  • Metallurgical Requirements
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13
Q

Fluxes are cost centers
◦ Sensible heat in slag
◦ Physical entrainment in slag

A
  • Minimum Cost
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14
Q

◦ Should not be too thick
o to resist flow out of the furnace
o to cause suspension of metallic phase

A
  • Viscosity and Fluidity
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15
Q

◦ The critical temperature of smelting systems are dictated by the temperature at which the slag forms and freely flows
◦ Presence of fluxes significantly lowers the melting temperatures of charge

A
  • Formation and Free-Running Temperature
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16
Q

◦ Should be compatible with the refractory of the furnace
◦ Acidic vs. basic slags

A

Corrosiveness

17
Q

◦ Should be significantly lighter than the metallic phase for ease of stratification

A

Specific Gravity

18
Q

 Balance between the amounts of silica, magnesia, quicklime, alumina, etc.
◦ E.g. steel refining – removal of sulfur and phosphorus

A

Acidic vs Basic Slag

19
Q

Basic slag tend to be ___

A

lumpy

19
Q

Acidic slag tend to be ___

A

viscous

20
Q

____Fe only exist when the sulfur is in excess relative to copper (stage converting of copper)

A

Fe

20
Q

Property of Matte

 When a metal forms more than one sulfide, the higher sulfide tends to ____ before melting, forming a lower sulfide and sulfur gas

A

decompose

20
Q

 Liquid solutions of sulfides
 Principal metallic products of copper and nickel smelting

A

Matte

21
Q

property of matte

At melting temp, the matte tends to volatilize ____

A

sulfur

22
Q

 Liquid solutions of arsenides and antimonides
 Hard to separate from the metal layer when formed
 Remedied by pre-roast / calcine prior to smelting

A

Speiss

23
Q

 Mixture of precipitated solid and liquid components
 Skimmed from the top of the metallic layer
◦ E.g. lead smelting

A

Dross