Alloys and Semi Casts Products

Question 1

are intermediate castings produced in a steel mill that need further processing before being a finished good.

Answer 1

Semi-finished Casting Products

Question 2

large rough castings designed for storage and transportation. The shape usually resembles a rectangle or square with generous fillets. They are tapered, usually with the big-end-down.

Answer 2

Ingot

Question 3

usually further processed via rotary piercing, structural shape rolling and profile rolling. Common final products include structural shapes, rails, rods, and seamless pipes.

Answer 3

Bloom

Question 4

length of metal that has a round or square cross-section, with an area less than 36 in2 (230 cm2). ________ are created directly via continuous casting or extrusion or indirectly via hot rolling an ingot or bloom. ____ are further processed via profile rolling and drawing. Final products include bar stock and wire.

Answer 4

Billet

Question 5

also used to produce short circular tubes as billets, usually to achieve a precise metallurgical structure. They are commonly used as cylinder sleeves where the inner and outer diameters are ground and machined to length. Because their size is not modified significantly, they are not always classified as semi-finished casting products.

Answer 5

Centrifugal casting

Question 6

length of metal that is rectangular in cross-section. The ____ is created directly by continuous casting or indirectly by rolling an ingot on a slabbing mill. ____ are usually further processed via flat rolling, skelping, and pipe rolling. Common final products include sheet metal, plates, strip metal, pipes, and tubes.

Answer 6

Slab

Question 7

Iron (50%+), aluminum (8–12%), nickel (15–25%), cobalt (5–40%), plus other metals such as copper and titanium

Answer 7

ALNICO

Question 8

Mercury (45–55%), plus silver, tin, copper, and zinc

Answer 8

Amalgam

Question 9

Tin (90%), antimony (7–15%), copper (4–10%).

Answer 9

Babbitt metal (“white metal”)

Question 10

Copper (65–90%), zinc (10–35%).

Answer 10

Brass

Question 11

Copper (78–95%), tin (5–22%), plus manganese, phosphorus, aluminum, or silicon.

Answer 11

Bronze

Question 12

Iron (96–98%), carbon (2–4%), plus silicon.

Answer 12

Cast iron

Question 13

Copper (55%), nickel (45%).

Answer 13

Constantan

Question 14

Copper (75%), nickel (25%), plus small amounts of manganese.

Answer 14

Cupro-nickel (copper nickel)

Question 15

Aluminum (94%), copper (4.5–5%), magnesium (0.5–1.5%), manganese (0.5–1.5%).

Answer 15

Duralumin

Question 15

Copper (80–90%), tin (3–10%), zinc (2–3%), and phosphorus.

Answer 15

Gunmetal

Question 16

Iron (64%), nickel (36%), which explains its alternative names: FeNi36 and 64FeNi.

Answer 16

Invar

Question 17

Magnesium, aluminum.

Answer 17

Magnox

Question 18

Nickel (80%), chromium (20%).

Answer 18

Nichrome

Question 19

Nickel (50–55%), titanium (45–50%).

Answer 19

Nitinol

Question 20

Tin (80–99%) with copper, lead, and antimony.

Answer 20

Pewter

Question 21

Varies. Old-fashioned solders contain a mixture of tin (50-70%), lead (30-50%), copper, antimony, and other metals. Newer solders dispense with lead for health reasons. A typical modern solder has 99.25 percent tin and 0.75 percent copper.

Answer 21

Solder

Question 22

Iron (80–98%), carbon (0.2–2%), plus other metals such as chromium, manganese, and vanadium.

Answer 22

Steel (General)

Question 23

Iron (50%+), chromium (10–30%), plus smaller amounts of carbon, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, and other metals.

Answer 23

Steel (stainless)

Question 24

Cobalt (67%), chromium (28%), tungsten (4%), nickel (1%).

Answer 24

Stellite

Question 25

Silver (92.5%), copper (7.5%).

Answer 25

Sterling silver

Question 26

Typically (but not always) nickel-based: nickel (45–70%), chromium (14–30%), plus smaller amounts of various other metals (common ones such as iron, molybdenum, and copper, or more unusual ones like rhenium, hafnium, and ruthenium) and nonmetals (for example, silicon, carbon, or phosphorus).

Answer 26

Superalloys

Question 27

Gold (75%), palladium (17%), silver (4%), copper (4%)

Answer 27

White gold (18 carat)

Question 28

Bismuth (50%), lead (26.7%), tin (13.3%), cadmium (10%).

Answer 28

Wood’s metal