Pyrometallurgy 1 (terms)

Question 1

• The choice of extraction process is largely governed by
  ◦ type of ore
  ◦ chemical stability of the valuable minerals present
• depends also on
  ◦ energy costs
  ◦ production rate
  ◦ required metal purity

Answer 1

Extractive Metallurgy

Question 2

Selective reaction of valuable metal using aqueous reagents

Answer 2

Hydrometallurgy

Question 3

electrolysis is used to selectively deposit the valuable metal

Answer 3

Electrometallurgy

Question 4

heat is used to achieve decomposition of the valuable metal compound

Answer 4

Pyrometallurgy

Question 5

The ________ has been predominant
◦ abundance and lower cost of fossil fuels
◦ stability at high production rates

Answer 5

pyrometallurgical method

Question 6

(1____) are slower than pyrometallurgical methods but it is more suitable for dealing with (2________) ores

Answer 6

1. Hydrometallurgical Methods
2. Lean Ores

Question 7

 Involves the extraction or production of metals with chemical reactions at high temperature
 Done on reactors w/ refractories
 High temperature, non-aqueous reactions
 Processes and techniques in refining ores with heat to:
◦ accelerate chemical reactions
◦ melt the metallic or non-metallic components
 Extraction of metals using dry reagents

Answer 7

Pyrometallurgy

Question 7

is applied to predict:

◦ whether a set of given reactions proceed or not
◦ The effect of changing the temperature in a course of a reaction

Answer 7

Thermodynamic Data

Question 8

◦ Chemical reactions
◦ Change in state of
aggregation

Answer 8

Unit Processes

Question 9

◦ No chemical reaction
◦ No changes in state
◦ Physical separations
only

Answer 9

Unit Operations

Question 10

 The relationship between quantities of all the elements and compounds coming in and going out of the process
 Evaluated in terms of combining weights which are simple multiples of the atomic weights and its chemical analysis

Answer 10

Stoichiometry

Question 11

 Chemical reactions, changes in state, and simple temperature changes are accompanied by heat absorption or evolution
 Evaluated based on data:
o Heats of formation, fusion
o Heats of reaction
o Specific heat

Answer 11

Thermochemistry / Thermophysics

Question 12

 Measurement of temperatures
o Flame
o Flue gas
o Refractory wall
o Molten phases

Answer 12

Pyrometry

Question 12

 Considers both the:
o quantity of heat supplied by the fuel
o temperature level at which fuel is supplied

Answer 12

Fuels and Combustion

Question 13

 Mechanisms of heat transfer
o Conduction
o Convection
o Radiation

Answer 13

Heat Flow

Question 13

 Mass transport phenomena
 Focused on gas components of combustion

Answer 13

Fluid Dynamics

Question 14

 Physical and chemical changes of the solid charge and the liquid products, as a function of composition and temperature
 Stability of phases at certain conditions
 Phase Diagrams

Answer 14

Phase Equilibria

Question 15

 Control of which reaction can proceed, depending on temperature, pressure, and phase compositions
 Equilibrium constants

Answer 15

Chemical Equilibria

Question 15

 Technologies appropriated for different processes
 Brick wall structure and chemistry

Answer 15

Furnaces and Refractories

Question 16

 Rates of reactions
 Rate of smelting, furnace throughput

Answer 16

Kinetics

Question 17

 process of heating the ore at a temperature not sufficient to melt the ore, in the absence of air
 converts carbonate ores into oxides

Answer 17

Calcination Process

Question 18

 “separation by melting”
 process of melting and separating the feed into two immiscible liquids

Answer 18

Smelting

Question 19

 Refining / purifying process

Answer 19

Converting

Question 20

 Solid impurities (metal oxides, metal sulfides, inorganic impurities), found floating on top of low melting temperature metals/alloys

Answer 20

Dross

Question 21

 Molten solution of oxides found on top of molten metal/matte

Answer 21

Slag

Question 22

 Unwanted, molten solution of arsenides of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu formed during matte smelting (located between matte and slag)

Answer 22

Speiss

Question 22

 Molten solution of sulfides formed during the smelting of Cu, Ni and Pb

Answer 22

Matte

Question 23

 Give data which are difficult, if not impossible, to obtain by direct measurement in a plant
 Calculations on the input and output of all elements, metals, or compounds
 Metallurgical Accounting

Answer 23

Stoichiometric Calculations

Question 24

show the weights and analyses of input and output materials

Answer 24

Material Balance

Question 25

 The quantity of element is neither decreased nor increased by chemical or physical processes taking place in systems that contain the element
 Basis: 1 Gram-Mole

Answer 25

Law of Conservation of Elements

Question 26

 When gases react, the volumes consumed and produced, measured at the same temperature and pressure, are in ratios of whole numbers

Answer 26

Law of Combining Volumes

Question 26

 Atoms combine to form molecules brought about by specific reactions involving the outermost electrons of the combining atoms
 The relative weights can be expressed by the products of the atomic weights and small whole numbers

Answer 26

Principles of Combining Weight

Question 27

unsa ni na law?

At constant temperature, the volume of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure

Answer 27

Boyle’s Law

Question 28

uno sini na law??

At constant pressure, the volume is proportional to the temperature

Answer 28

Charle’s Law

Question 29

uno sini na law bayot

 Observed that the fractional increase of the volume of gas of some gases are constant
 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) of Gases

Answer 29

Gay-Lussac’s Law

Question 30

 If α is equal to 1/273.15
◦ the fractional decrease in the volume of gas, per degree decrease in temperature, is 1/273.15 of the volume of gas at 00C
 At -273.150C
◦ the volume of gas becomes zero, hence the limit of temperature decrease

Answer 30

absolute temperature

Question 31

An ideal gas is defined as one in which all collisions between atoms or molecules are perfectly elastic and in which there are no intermolecular attractive forces

Answer 31

Ideal Gas Law

Question 32

Standard Temperature and Pressure

Pressure:

Answer 32

1 atm

Question 32

Standard Temperature and Pressure

Temperature:

Answer 32

0^0 c or 273 K

Question 33

For Gases:

1 g-mol =

Answer 33

22.4 L

Question 34

for gases

1 kg-mol =

Answer 34

22.4 m^3

Question 35

for gases

1 lb-mol =

Answer 35

359 ft^3

Question 36

Input=output

Answer 36

Steady State

Question 37

Input = output + accumulation

Answer 37

Non-Steady State

Question 38

most often used in stoichiometric calculations
o Given as tonnage per 24 hours
o Ideal Condition

Answer 38

Rate of Treatment

Question 39

either maximum or nominal rate of treatment

Answer 39

Capacity

Question 40

real time of residence in the reactor

Answer 40

(Mean) Retention Time

Question 41

 Used for metallurgical accounting
 For minimizing losses
 A table that shows the important elements in the input and output of a process

Answer 41

Metallurgical Balance