PVD/PAD Flashcards
List some occlusive diseases
- PAD
- atherosclerosis
- thrombosis/embolism
- vasculitis (Buerger’s, Raynauds, giant cell arteritis)
Define claudication
pain with exertion that resolves with rest
which medication can be used to improve symptoms & increase pain-free walking distances in patients with lower extremity PAD
Cilostazol
What is normal ABI?
1+
What are the most common areas of involvement for PAD
lower extremities or subclavian
What are some risk factors for VTE
immobility, damage to veins/valves, pregnancy, medications (OCP), genetic clotting disorders, surgery, malignancy, travel
What is the diagnostic gold standard for PE?
helical CT chest with contrast
Does superficial thrombophlebitis become PE?
No because it is superficial
Describe the etiology of PAD
Atherosclerotic plaque buildup narrows an artery causing ischemia to peripheral tissues & development of collateral vessels
What are the MC signs & symptoms of PAD
Symptoms: 20-50% asymptomatic (especially in those with DM), intermittent claudication, ischemic rest pain, non-healing ulcers, erectile dysfunction
Signs: diminished pulse pressure, bruits, pallor of foot on elevation, reactive hyperemia & dependent rubor, coolness, ulcers, hair loss, reduced/absent pulses
What is the gold standard test for PAD and a normal value
ankle-brachial index (Normal = 1+)
Describe the etiology of critical limb ischemia
Can be a presentation of PAD pts
Significant ischemia that threatens the limb, insufficient arterial flow d/t thrombosis of atherosclerotic artery
List the 6 P’s of critical limb ischemia
Pain, paresthesia, pallor, paralysis, pulselessness, poikilothermia (cold)
Describe the etiology & RFs of venous thromboembolism
Virchow’s Triad:
- alterations in blood flow (venous stasis)
- vascular endothelial injury
- alterations in blood constituents (inherited/acquired hypercoagulable state)
RF: immobility, damage to veins/valves, pregnancy, medications (OCP), genetic clotting disorders, surgery, malignancy, travel
Describe the gold standard diagnostics for a DVT and PE
DVT: duplex US of LE
PE: helical CT chest w/ contrast
(D-dimer high negative predictive value)