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Patho for PN > PVD (Cardiovascular Part B) > Flashcards

PVD (Cardiovascular Part B) Flashcards

1
Q

What are 7 modifiable risk factors of PVD?

A
  • obesity
  • sedentary lifestyle
  • smoking
  • hyperlipidemia
  • diabetes
  • HTN
  • stress
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2
Q

When thinking about arterial disorders, is there O2 present?

A

no

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3
Q

A clot in an artery is called a ______.

A

Thrombosis

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4
Q

What are the 3 main causes of thrombosis?

A
  • injury to arterial walls
  • sluggish blood flow
  • Atherosclerosis
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5
Q

2 ways Emboli & Thrombi are diagnosed?

A
  • doppler ultrasound

- angiogram

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6
Q

2 medical Tx for emboli/thrombi?

A
  • anticoagulants; heparin & warfarin

- thrombolytics/fibrinolytic

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7
Q

3 surgical Tx for emboli/thrombi?

A
  • embolectomy
  • thrombectomy
  • endarterectomy (plaque removal)
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8
Q

What does the acronym ARTS stand for?

A

A - absent pulses
R - round & red sores
T - toes & feet; pale & cold
S - sharp calf pain

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9
Q

An enlarged, dilated part of a weakened artery is also called an _________.

A

Aneurysm

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10
Q

With a ______ aneurysm, the entire circumference is enlarged.

A

fusiform

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11
Q

A ________ aneurysm is 1-sided; “pouch”

A

saccular

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12
Q

When a cavity forms due to the torn artery, it is called a ____________ aneurysm.

A

dissecting

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13
Q

3 S/S of an aneurysm?

A
  • deep, constant abdominal pain
  • back pain
  • pulse near bellybutton; AAA
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14
Q

The 3 diagnoses for an Aneurysm include:

A
  • CT scan
  • MRI
  • Abdominal ultrasound
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15
Q

Medical Tx for an aneurysm includes

A
  • tx other conditions; high BP
  • regular imaging tests
  • abdominal ultrasound 6m after Dx
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16
Q

Why is open abdominal surgery used (less often) to repair an aneurysm?

A

Open surgery allows for direct access to attach a graft to the aorta

17
Q

What is the most common repair surgery & explain?

A

Endovascular repair; graft is attached to the Aorta through a catheter that goes through the leg

18
Q

RUPTURED Aneurysm!!!!!! S/S?

A
  • BP drops & HR increases

- “tearing” sensation in abd/back

19
Q

What is the problem with venous disorders?

A

The valves don’t work properly causing backflow

20
Q

What does the acronym VEINY stand for?

A 
V - voluptuous pulses
E - edema
I - irregular shaped ulcers
N - no sharp pain; dull/cramp
Y - yellow/brown pigment (ankles especially)
21
Q

To rememeber the S/S for DVT, think of the acronym COWS

A

C - calf pain/ cramping
O - one-sided swelling
W - warm & red
S - SOB/Chest pain

22
Q

4 causes of DVT?

A
  • hemodynamic changes; immobile
  • endothelial damage
  • hypercoagulability
  • women & age
23
Q

A doppler ultrasound is used for Dx of a DVT.

What blood test is used & what invasive Dx is used?

A
  • d-dimer

- venogram

24
Q

Tx for DVT? (BATT)

A

B - bedrest
A - anticoagulants
T - TEDS
T - thrombectomy

25
Q

Pt teaching/Interventions RE DVT? (CHANT)

+ watch for bleeding, no aspirin, & elevate extremity

A 
C - calf exercises
H - hydrate (thins blood)
A - ambulate
N - no long sitting (position changes)
T - TEDS
26
Q

A dilated vein with incompetent valves is called ________ _____.

A

varicose veins

27
Q

3 S/S of varicose veins?

A
  • aches/cramping/pain
  • fatigue
  • edema
28
Q

3 causes/Risk factors of varicose veins? (pressure on veins)

A
  • poor posture/constrictive clothing
  • prolonged standing
  • pregnancy/obesity
29
Q

What is used for the Dx of varicose veins to determine the competancy of the valves?

A

Trendelenburg test

30
Q

4 Medical Tx for varicose veins?

A
  • rest
  • elevate
  • TEDS
  • sclerotherapy (injection of sticky substance)
31
Q

2 Surgical Tx for varicose veins?

A
  • Ligation & Stripping

- laser therapy

32
Q

3 nursing interventions RE varicose veins?

A
  • comfort
  • peripheral circulation & venous return
  • teach RE prevention/maintenance

Patho for PN (5 decks)

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