PVD (Cardiovascular Part B) Flashcards
What are 7 modifiable risk factors of PVD?
- obesity
- sedentary lifestyle
- smoking
- hyperlipidemia
- diabetes
- HTN
- stress
When thinking about arterial disorders, is there O2 present?
no
A clot in an artery is called a ______.
Thrombosis
What are the 3 main causes of thrombosis?
- injury to arterial walls
- sluggish blood flow
- Atherosclerosis
2 ways Emboli & Thrombi are diagnosed?
- doppler ultrasound
- angiogram
2 medical Tx for emboli/thrombi?
- anticoagulants; heparin & warfarin
- thrombolytics/fibrinolytic
3 surgical Tx for emboli/thrombi?
- embolectomy
- thrombectomy
- endarterectomy (plaque removal)
What does the acronym ARTS stand for?
A - absent pulses
R - round & red sores
T - toes & feet; pale & cold
S - sharp calf pain
An enlarged, dilated part of a weakened artery is also called an _________.
Aneurysm
With a ______ aneurysm, the entire circumference is enlarged.
fusiform
A ________ aneurysm is 1-sided; “pouch”
saccular
When a cavity forms due to the torn artery, it is called a ____________ aneurysm.
dissecting
3 S/S of an aneurysm?
- deep, constant abdominal pain
- back pain
- pulse near bellybutton; AAA
The 3 diagnoses for an Aneurysm include:
- CT scan
- MRI
- Abdominal ultrasound
Medical Tx for an aneurysm includes
- tx other conditions; high BP
- regular imaging tests
- abdominal ultrasound 6m after Dx
Why is open abdominal surgery used (less often) to repair an aneurysm?
Open surgery allows for direct access to attach a graft to the aorta
What is the most common repair surgery & explain?
Endovascular repair; graft is attached to the Aorta through a catheter that goes through the leg
RUPTURED Aneurysm!!!!!! S/S?
- BP drops & HR increases
- “tearing” sensation in abd/back
What is the problem with venous disorders?
The valves don’t work properly causing backflow
What does the acronym VEINY stand for?
V - voluptuous pulses E - edema I - irregular shaped ulcers N - no sharp pain; dull/cramp Y - yellow/brown pigment (ankles especially)
To rememeber the S/S for DVT, think of the acronym COWS
C - calf pain/ cramping
O - one-sided swelling
W - warm & red
S - SOB/Chest pain
4 causes of DVT?
- hemodynamic changes; immobile
- endothelial damage
- hypercoagulability
- women & age
A doppler ultrasound is used for Dx of a DVT.
What blood test is used & what invasive Dx is used?
- d-dimer
- venogram
Tx for DVT? (BATT)
B - bedrest
A - anticoagulants
T - TEDS
T - thrombectomy
Pt teaching/Interventions RE DVT? (CHANT)
+ watch for bleeding, no aspirin, & elevate extremity
C - calf exercises H - hydrate (thins blood) A - ambulate N - no long sitting (position changes) T - TEDS
A dilated vein with incompetent valves is called ________ _____.
varicose veins
3 S/S of varicose veins?
- aches/cramping/pain
- fatigue
- edema
3 causes/Risk factors of varicose veins? (pressure on veins)
- poor posture/constrictive clothing
- prolonged standing
- pregnancy/obesity
What is used for the Dx of varicose veins to determine the competancy of the valves?
Trendelenburg test
4 Medical Tx for varicose veins?
- rest
- elevate
- TEDS
- sclerotherapy (injection of sticky substance)
2 Surgical Tx for varicose veins?
- Ligation & Stripping
- laser therapy
3 nursing interventions RE varicose veins?
- comfort
- peripheral circulation & venous return
- teach RE prevention/maintenance
