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Patho for PN > Inflammatory Disorders (Cardiovascular Part C) > Flashcards

Inflammatory Disorders (Cardiovascular Part C) Flashcards

1
Q

________ _____ ______ is the result of ineffective Tx of infection which causes inflammation of the cardiac tissues. (Hint; Strep throat)

A

Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD)

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2
Q

9 S/S of RHD?

A
  • anemia
  • epistaxis
  • fever
  • joint/chest pain
  • nodules on joints & s/c tissue
  • fatigue/lethargic
  • rash
  • tachycardia
  • heart murmur/pericardial friction
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3
Q

4 Dx for RHD?

A
  • bloodwork
  • auscultate; friction rub
  • ECG
  • echocardiogram
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4
Q

What 3 types of bloodwork are done for RHD?

A
  • ESR
  • CRP
  • CBC
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5
Q

4 Tx for RHD?

A
  • bedrest & O2 prn
  • antibiotics (penicillin)
  • NSAIDs (Advil) & warm packs
  • commissurotomy (surgery)
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6
Q

10 Nsg Interventions for Inflammatory Disorders?

A
  • bedrest
  • HOB elevated
  • I&O, daily wt, edema
  • teaching; diet
  • assess Respiratory & CV
  • O2 prn
  • VS
  • meds prn
  • reposition
  • emotional support
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7
Q

Causes of pericarditis? (HAIR)

A

H - heart attack (Dressler’s disease)
A - autoimmune (SLE)
I - infection/trauma
R - radiation (causes neoplasms)

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8
Q

5 S/S of pericarditis?

A
  • dyspnea
  • diaphoresis
  • fever
  • chills
  • pain; ⬆️ DB &C & laying down
    ⬇️ w/ sitting up & leaning forward
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9
Q

What are 5 Dx for pericarditis?

A
  • Bloodwork (ESR, CRP, Enzymes)
  • CXR
  • Echo
  • ECG
  • auscultate for a pericardial friction rub
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10
Q

What are 4 medical tx of pericarditis? (macO)

A
  • O2 prn
  • meds; anti-inflammatory & pain
  • antibiotic therapy
  • corticosteroids
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11
Q

What are 2 surgical tx for pericarditis?

A
  • pericardiocentesis

- pericardial window (fluid released into Abd.)

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12
Q

What are 8 S/S of endocarditis?

A
  • anemia
  • fever & chills
  • tachycardia
  • splinter hemorrhages (nailbeds)
  • new murmur
  • fatigue/weakness
  • wt loss
  • petechiae
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13
Q

What are 2 causes of endocarditis?

A
  • dental disease

- IV drug users

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14
Q

How is endocarditis diagnosed?

A
  • ECG changes
  • CXR
  • Bloodwork
  • Echo (TEE)
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15
Q

4 ways endocarditis is treated?

A
  • IV antibiotics (1-2months)
  • bedrest
  • prophylactic antibiotics
  • valve surgery
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16
Q

The main complication of endocarditis is a vegetative embolus; it affects the _____, _____, ________, & ______.

A
  • brain
  • lungs
  • kidney
  • spleen
17
Q

Myocarditis can lead to _____ _______.

A

heart failure

18
Q

4 causes of Myocarditis include:

A
  • RHD
  • bacterial, viral, fungal infection
  • pericarditis
  • endocarditis
19
Q

8 S/S of Myocarditis?

A
  • palpitations
  • heart murmur
  • dysrhythmia
  • dyspnea
  • tachycardia
  • flu-like symptoms
  • Abd. pain with N/V
  • Angina
20
Q

7 Dx for Myocarditis?

A
  • CXR
  • ECG
  • Echo/TEE
  • Bloodwork (CBC, ESR)
  • C & S
  • endomyocardial biopsy, MRI
  • Gallium Scan
21
Q

5 Tx for Myocarditis? (prevent Heart Failure & maintain myocardial function)

A
  • IV antibiotics (1-2months)
  • Bedrest & rest periods
  • supportive care
  • O2 prn
  • prophylactic antibiotics/anti-inflammatories
22
Q

What are the 3 types of Primary Cardiomyopathy?

A
  1. dilated (LV becomes floppy/baggy)
  2. hypertrophic (LV wall enlarges)
  3. restricted (walls harden)
23
Q

What are the 3 types of Secondary Cardiomyopathy?

peripartum, drugs, radiation, autoimmune

A
  1. Infective (viral/bacterial/fungal)
  2. Metabolic
  3. Nutritional Deprivation (anorexia nervosa)
24
Q

8 S/S of Cardiomyopathy?

A
  • angina
  • fatigue
  • exercise intolerance
  • ascites
  • syncope
  • dyspnea on exertion
  • peripheral edema
  • hepatic dysfunction
25
Q

5 Dx for Cardiomyopathy? (1 is invasive)

A
  • CXR
  • ECG
  • Echo
  • CT/MUGA scan
  • Cardiac catheterization (biopsy)
26
Q

3 Tx for Cardiomyopathy? (2 are surgical)

A
  • Meds; diuretics, ACE inhibitors, Beta-Blockers, Antidysrhythmias
  • Intra-Cardiac Defibrillator (ICD) - if Ejection Fraction below 35%
  • Transplant
27
Q

2 types of Valvular Heart Disorder?

A
  • Regurgitation

- Stenosis

28
Q

3 causes of Valvular Heart Disorder?

A
  • Rheumatic fever (10-15 years later)
  • congenital defects
  • infection
29
Q

9 S/S of Valvular Heart Disorder?

A
  • Forceful pulse (Corrigan’s pulse)
  • cough, hemoptysis
  • heart failure
  • angina
  • fatigue
  • dizzy/syncope
  • dyspnea
  • diaphoresis
  • heart murmurs, palpitations & dysrhythmias
30
Q

5 Dx for Valvular heart disorder?

A
  • auscultate heart sounds
  • CXR
  • ECG
  • Echo/TEE
  • Cardiac catheterization (increases pressure in LV)
31
Q

2 Medical Tx for Valvular Heart Disorder?

A
  • activity limitations

- diet (low sodium)

32
Q

6 Medications used to Tx Valvular heart disorder?

A
  • prophylactic antibiotics
  • diuretics
  • Digoxin ( AFib)
  • antidysrhythmics
  • beta-blockers
  • anticoagulants
33
Q

3 Surgical Tx for Valvular heart disorder?

A
  • valvuloplasty (mechanical - anticoagulants for life)
  • Annuloplasty (sutures; improves regurgitation of Mitral valve)
  • Commissurotomy (incision; relieve pressure in Mitral valve)

Patho for PN (5 decks)

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