Inflammatory Disorders (Cardiovascular Part C) Flashcards
________ _____ ______ is the result of ineffective Tx of infection which causes inflammation of the cardiac tissues. (Hint; Strep throat)
Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD)
9 S/S of RHD?
- anemia
- epistaxis
- fever
- joint/chest pain
- nodules on joints & s/c tissue
- fatigue/lethargic
- rash
- tachycardia
- heart murmur/pericardial friction
4 Dx for RHD?
- bloodwork
- auscultate; friction rub
- ECG
- echocardiogram
What 3 types of bloodwork are done for RHD?
- ESR
- CRP
- CBC
4 Tx for RHD?
- bedrest & O2 prn
- antibiotics (penicillin)
- NSAIDs (Advil) & warm packs
- commissurotomy (surgery)
10 Nsg Interventions for Inflammatory Disorders?
- bedrest
- HOB elevated
- I&O, daily wt, edema
- teaching; diet
- assess Respiratory & CV
- O2 prn
- VS
- meds prn
- reposition
- emotional support
Causes of pericarditis? (HAIR)
H - heart attack (Dressler’s disease)
A - autoimmune (SLE)
I - infection/trauma
R - radiation (causes neoplasms)
5 S/S of pericarditis?
- dyspnea
- diaphoresis
- fever
- chills
- pain; ⬆️ DB &C & laying down
⬇️ w/ sitting up & leaning forward
What are 5 Dx for pericarditis?
- Bloodwork (ESR, CRP, Enzymes)
- CXR
- Echo
- ECG
- auscultate for a pericardial friction rub
What are 4 medical tx of pericarditis? (macO)
- O2 prn
- meds; anti-inflammatory & pain
- antibiotic therapy
- corticosteroids
What are 2 surgical tx for pericarditis?
- pericardiocentesis
- pericardial window (fluid released into Abd.)
What are 8 S/S of endocarditis?
- anemia
- fever & chills
- tachycardia
- splinter hemorrhages (nailbeds)
- new murmur
- fatigue/weakness
- wt loss
- petechiae
What are 2 causes of endocarditis?
- dental disease
- IV drug users
How is endocarditis diagnosed?
- ECG changes
- CXR
- Bloodwork
- Echo (TEE)
4 ways endocarditis is treated?
- IV antibiotics (1-2months)
- bedrest
- prophylactic antibiotics
- valve surgery
The main complication of endocarditis is a vegetative embolus; it affects the _____, _____, ________, & ______.
- brain
- lungs
- kidney
- spleen
Myocarditis can lead to _____ _______.
heart failure
4 causes of Myocarditis include:
- RHD
- bacterial, viral, fungal infection
- pericarditis
- endocarditis
8 S/S of Myocarditis?
- palpitations
- heart murmur
- dysrhythmia
- dyspnea
- tachycardia
- flu-like symptoms
- Abd. pain with N/V
- Angina
7 Dx for Myocarditis?
- CXR
- ECG
- Echo/TEE
- Bloodwork (CBC, ESR)
- C & S
- endomyocardial biopsy, MRI
- Gallium Scan
5 Tx for Myocarditis? (prevent Heart Failure & maintain myocardial function)
- IV antibiotics (1-2months)
- Bedrest & rest periods
- supportive care
- O2 prn
- prophylactic antibiotics/anti-inflammatories
What are the 3 types of Primary Cardiomyopathy?
- dilated (LV becomes floppy/baggy)
- hypertrophic (LV wall enlarges)
- restricted (walls harden)
What are the 3 types of Secondary Cardiomyopathy?
peripartum, drugs, radiation, autoimmune
- Infective (viral/bacterial/fungal)
- Metabolic
- Nutritional Deprivation (anorexia nervosa)
8 S/S of Cardiomyopathy?
- angina
- fatigue
- exercise intolerance
- ascites
- syncope
- dyspnea on exertion
- peripheral edema
- hepatic dysfunction
5 Dx for Cardiomyopathy? (1 is invasive)
- CXR
- ECG
- Echo
- CT/MUGA scan
- Cardiac catheterization (biopsy)
3 Tx for Cardiomyopathy? (2 are surgical)
- Meds; diuretics, ACE inhibitors, Beta-Blockers, Antidysrhythmias
- Intra-Cardiac Defibrillator (ICD) - if Ejection Fraction below 35%
- Transplant
2 types of Valvular Heart Disorder?
- Regurgitation
- Stenosis
3 causes of Valvular Heart Disorder?
- Rheumatic fever (10-15 years later)
- congenital defects
- infection
9 S/S of Valvular Heart Disorder?
- Forceful pulse (Corrigan’s pulse)
- cough, hemoptysis
- heart failure
- angina
- fatigue
- dizzy/syncope
- dyspnea
- diaphoresis
- heart murmurs, palpitations & dysrhythmias
5 Dx for Valvular heart disorder?
- auscultate heart sounds
- CXR
- ECG
- Echo/TEE
- Cardiac catheterization (increases pressure in LV)
2 Medical Tx for Valvular Heart Disorder?
- activity limitations
- diet (low sodium)
6 Medications used to Tx Valvular heart disorder?
- prophylactic antibiotics
- diuretics
- Digoxin ( AFib)
- antidysrhythmics
- beta-blockers
- anticoagulants
3 Surgical Tx for Valvular heart disorder?
- valvuloplasty (mechanical - anticoagulants for life)
- Annuloplasty (sutures; improves regurgitation of Mitral valve)
- Commissurotomy (incision; relieve pressure in Mitral valve)
