Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR 155 med surg > PVD > Flashcards

PVD Flashcards

1
Q

What is PVD

A
  • refers to diseases of blood vessels outside of the heart and brain
  • PAD “ peripheral arterial disease: is a type of PVD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What causes PVD

A

Result from a narrowing of the blood vessels that carry blood to the legs or arms

Most common cause is atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

PVD most commonly affects

A
  • legs and feet ( sluggish blood flow, blood clots)

- more in men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

a disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of plaques of fatty material on their inner walls.

buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on your artery walls.

specific type of arteriosclerosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Atherosclosis build up can cause

A
  • Heart: myocardial infarction
  • Brain: stroke
  • legs: Gangrene
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

occurs when the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients from your heart to the rest of your body (arteries) become thick and stiff

sometimes restricting blood flow to your organs and tissues.

Healthy arteries are flexible and elastic, but over time, the walls in your arteries can harden, a condition commonly called hardening of the arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Risk factors for PVD

Modifiable and non-modifiable

A

MODIFIABLE:

  • atherosclerosis
  • CAD
  • smoking
  • hyperlipidemia (diet)
  • HTN
  • diabetes
  • stress
  • sedentary lifestyle
  • overweight

NON- MODIFIABLE

  • increasing age
  • gender
  • family history
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Clinical manifestations of PVD

A

• Intermittent Claudication:

  • leg cramp type pain relieved by rest
  • blood can’t flow down, pressure on tissues causing pain

• Pain, discomfort in legs
- walking and standing most painful

  • Changes of skin of legs/feet, including red to blue color, coldness, thin or skinny skin
  • weak pulses in the legs and feet
  • dead tissue due to lack of blood flow
  • hair loss on legs
  • non healing wounds on the legs or ankles
  • numbness, weakness, or heaviness in the leg muscles
  • thickened discolored toenails
  • erectile dysfunction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Assessment PVD

A
  • history of intermittent clarification (rest pain) location of pain
  • inspect skin ( cool, pale, pollar, rubor, loss of hair, brittle nails, dry or scaly skin, atrophy, ulceration)
  • palpate pulses
  • medications and risk factors
  • signs and symptoms of arterial insufficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

PAD assessment

A
  • assess for location of pulses
  • assess for presence of ulcers
- assess for the 6 P’s
   • pain 
   • pollar (pale) 
   • paresthesia (loss of sensation)
   • pulselessness
   • paralysis (lack of movement) 
   • poikilothermia (decrease temp of tissues)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diagnostic test for PVD

A
  • Ankle brachial index (ABI) looking at differences in pressure in brachial and ankle
  • Duplex ultrasonography can see blood flow
  • Angiography go in vessel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Non Pharmacological Treatment for PVD

A
  • exercise program
  • weight reduction program
  • smoking cessation program
  • diet low saturated fat; low cholesterol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pharmocolgical Treatment for PVD

A
  • pentoxifylline ( trental)
  • cilostazol (pletal)
  • # 1 Aspirin
  • # 2 clooidogrel (plavix)
  • statins
  • all antiplatlete
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nursing management for PVD

A
  • encourage moderate amount of walking or extremity exercises if no contradictions
  • discourage standing still or sitting for long periods
  • smoking cessation teaching
  • encourage avoidance of crossing legs
  • encourage wear of properly fitting clothes, shoes and stockings
  • warm feet or massage feet (not calf!)
  • inspect feet daily
  • promote good nutrition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nursing management PVD ARTERIAL

A

Lower extremities below the level of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nursing management for PVD VENOUS

A

Elevate extremities above heart level

17
Q

PVD post op management

A
  • maintain adequate tissue circulation
  • notify surgeon immediately for disappearance of pulse !
  • monitor output, metal status, VS
  • instruct patient not to cross legs or have extremely independent position for long periods
  • encourage patient to perform leg exercises in bed
  • Monitor for signs of compartment syndrome
  • assess patient’s ability to perform ADLs
  • encourage patient to make necessary lifestyle changes ( diet, activity, skin care)
  • teach patient to monitor for complications at home( infection, occlusion, decrease blood flow)
18
Q

Compartment syndrome signs

A

Severe edema of extremities
Pain
Decrease sensation of toes or fingers

19
Q

Potential complications of PVD

A 
Stroke
Heart attack
Non healing ulcers
Limb amputation 
Blood clots
20
Q

Other peripheral vascular diseases

A

1) Buerger disease

2) venous thromboembolism (VTE)
- deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
- pulmonary embolism (PE)

3) raynaids phenomenon
4) varicose veins

21
Q

Antiplatelets

A

Decrease platelet aggregation

  • aspirin
  • clopidogre
  • garlic
22
Q

Anticoagulant

A

Decrease prothrombin -> thrombin

Decrease fibrinogen -> fibrin

  • warfarin
  • heparin
  • abans ( oral)
23
Q

Thrombolitic (ase)

A

Break down fibrin

Used in emergency

  • can’t have any risk for bleeding
  • only given to people who will die with out it
24
Q

What is Buerger disease

A

vascular system is constricted all the time, usually have clots

25
Q

What is venous thromboembolism (VTE)

A
  • deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

- pulmonary embolism (PE)

26
Q

What is raynaids phenomenon

A

areas of the body feel numb and cool in certain circumstances. smaller arteries that supply blood to the skin constrict excessively in response to cold, limiting blood supply to the affected area.

27
Q

What is varicose veins

A

swollen, twisted and enlarged veins often caused by damaged or faulty valves that allow blood to travel in the wrong direction

28
Q

PAD

A
  • very bad !
  • low o2 to tissue
  • decrease pulses and cold skin
  • absence of hair
  • round ulcer (punched out)
  • pale toes or necrosis
  • SHARP pain during exercise or elevation “rest pain” pain while sleeping
29
Q

PVD

VENOUS

A
  • decrease blood flow to heart
  • strong pulses and warm skin
  • edema (blood pulling)
  • DULL pain
  • brown ankles!
  • irregular ulcer( venous stasis ulcer)

NUR 155 med surg (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions