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NUR 155 med surg > FEAB > Flashcards

FEAB Flashcards

1
Q

Hyponatremia

Low sodium

A 
Stupor/ coma
Anorexia ( N/V)
Lethargy 
Tendon reflex decreased 
Limp / weak muscle 
Orthostatic hypotension 
Seizure/ headache 
Stomach cramping
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2
Q

Hypernatremia

A 
Flushed skin 
Edema 
Decreased urine output / dry mouth 
Low grade fever 
Thirst
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3
Q

Hyponatremia causes

A

Diuretics
Diarrhea
Dehydration
Drains

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4
Q

Hypernatremia causes

“Model”

A 
Medications 
Osmotic diuretic 
Diabetes 
Excessive water loss
Low water intake
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5
Q

Hyponatremia care

A

Replace fluid with isotonic solution

Encourage oral intake

Withhold diuretic

Avoid rapid correction

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6
Q

Hypernatremia care

A

Fluid replacement with isotonic solution or oral

Dietary sodium restrictions

Potential seizure precautions

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7
Q

Hypokalemaia

Potassium

A

“A sic Walt”

Alkalosis 
Shallow respiratory 
Irrigation 
Confusion 
Weakness
Arrhythmia, tachycardia, increase BP
Lethargy 
Therapy pulse
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8
Q

Hyperkalemia

“A murder”

A

Abdominal cramping

Muscle spasms

Urine loss/ decreased output

Respiration shallow

Dysrhythmia

EKG change

iRritability

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9
Q

Hypokalemia causes

A

Increased water intake

NPO

alkalosis

Fluid loss

Insulin

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10
Q

Hyperkalemia causes

“Machine”

A

Medication

Acidosis

Cellular destruction (burns)

Hemolysis

Intake excessive

Nephrons (renal failure)

Excretion (impaired)

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11
Q

Hypokalemia care

A

Administer oral/ Iv

Encourage foods

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12
Q

Hypocalcemia signs

“Camp”

A

Convulsions

Arrhythmia

Muscle cramps

  • numbness/ tingling
  • hyperactive DTR

Prolonged QT

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13
Q

Hypercalcemia

“Back me”

A

Bone pain

Arryhthmia

Cardiac arrest

Kidney stones

Muscle weakness

Excessive urination

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14
Q

Hypocalcemia causes

“Hungry howie had donut for dinner”

A

Hypo parathyroid

Hypo/hyper magnesium

Hungry bone syndrome

Disease effecting the kidney/ liver

Deficiency in vit D

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15
Q

Hypocalcemia care

A

Calcium rich diet

Vitamin D supplements

Breath into paper bag can help with tetany

IV calcium gluconate for symptomatic hypocalcemia

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16
Q

Hypercalcemia care

A

Stop meds related

Low calcium diet

Drink 3000-4000 ml of fluid to promote renal excretion ( decrease chance of kidney stones)

Saline, calcitonin for severe

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17
Q

Hypomagnesemia signs

A

Seizure with low RR, low BM, increased BP, increased DTR

Confusion, depression, irritability, nystagmus!!

18
Q

Hypermagnesemia signs

A

Muscle weakness

Respiratory arrest

EKG changes

Decreased DTR, BP, HR

N/V

Hypotension

19
Q

Hypomagnesemia causes

A

ALCOHOLISM

Malnutrition/ malabsorption

Diuretics

Sepsis/ burns

20
Q

Hypermagnesemia causes

A

Renal failure

Untreated DKA

21
Q

Hypomagnesemia care

A

Oral support/ diet change

IC Mg
- monitor vitals since rapid infusion can cause cardiac arrest

22
Q

Hypermagnesemia care

A

Avoid Mg drugs

limit dietary Mg

Increase fluid, give diuretic if renal function good

Dialysis is impaired renal function

23
Q

Hypophosphatemia signs

“My cat ate sav hamster”

A

Muscle weakness

Constipation

Anemia, bruising

Seizure

Hypoactive bowel sounds

24
Q

Hyperphosphatemia signs

A

Joint pain

Muscle pain

Muscle weakness

25
Q

Hypophosphatemia causes

A

Insufficient phosphorus intake

  • malnutrition
  • starvation

Increased phosphorus excretion

26
Q

Hyperphosphatemia causes

A

Kidney failure

Phosphate supplements

27
Q

Hypophatemia care

A

Increase oral intake

Phosphate supplements

28
Q

Hyperphosphatemia

Care

A

Restrict foods/ fluids high in phosphorus

Dialysis if severe

29
Q

Hypo/hyperchloremia signs

Chloride

A

No specific signs

Has relationship with hypo/hyperchloremia

30
Q

Hypochloremia causes

A

Diarrhea

Diuretics

31
Q

Hyperchloremia cause

A

Diabetes

Dehydration

Aspirin toxicity

32
Q

Hypochloremia care

A

Saline

Diet changes

33
Q

Hyperchloremia care

A

If meds related, stop meds

If dehydration hydrate with saline

34
Q

Hypercalcemia causes

“Chimpanzees”

A 
Calcium supplements 
Hyper parathyroid 
Immobilization
Milk Alkali syndrome
Parathyroid hyperplasia
Alcohol 
Neoplasm 
Zollinger Ellison syndrome 
Excessive vit d intake
Excessive vit a 
Sarcoidosis
35
Q

Sodium and potassium

A

Inverse

Sodium up, potassium down

36
Q

Calcium and phosphorus

A

Inverse

37
Q

Calcium and vit D

A

Similar

38
Q

Magnesium and calcium

A

Similar

39
Q

Magnesium and potassium

A

Similar

40
Q

Magnesium and phosphorus

A

Inverse

NUR 155 med surg (15 decks)

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