FEAB Flashcards
Hyponatremia
Low sodium
Stupor/ coma Anorexia ( N/V) Lethargy Tendon reflex decreased Limp / weak muscle Orthostatic hypotension Seizure/ headache Stomach cramping
Hypernatremia
Flushed skin Edema Decreased urine output / dry mouth Low grade fever Thirst
Hyponatremia causes
Diuretics
Diarrhea
Dehydration
Drains
Hypernatremia causes
“Model”
Medications Osmotic diuretic Diabetes Excessive water loss Low water intake
Hyponatremia care
Replace fluid with isotonic solution
Encourage oral intake
Withhold diuretic
Avoid rapid correction
Hypernatremia care
Fluid replacement with isotonic solution or oral
Dietary sodium restrictions
Potential seizure precautions
Hypokalemaia
Potassium
“A sic Walt”
Alkalosis Shallow respiratory Irrigation Confusion Weakness Arrhythmia, tachycardia, increase BP Lethargy Therapy pulse
Hyperkalemia
“A murder”
Abdominal cramping
Muscle spasms
Urine loss/ decreased output
Respiration shallow
Dysrhythmia
EKG change
iRritability
Hypokalemia causes
Increased water intake
NPO
alkalosis
Fluid loss
Insulin
Hyperkalemia causes
“Machine”
Medication
Acidosis
Cellular destruction (burns)
Hemolysis
Intake excessive
Nephrons (renal failure)
Excretion (impaired)
Hypokalemia care
Administer oral/ Iv
Encourage foods
Hypocalcemia signs
“Camp”
Convulsions
Arrhythmia
Muscle cramps
- numbness/ tingling
- hyperactive DTR
Prolonged QT
Hypercalcemia
“Back me”
Bone pain
Arryhthmia
Cardiac arrest
Kidney stones
Muscle weakness
Excessive urination
Hypocalcemia causes
“Hungry howie had donut for dinner”
Hypo parathyroid
Hypo/hyper magnesium
Hungry bone syndrome
Disease effecting the kidney/ liver
Deficiency in vit D
Hypocalcemia care
Calcium rich diet
Vitamin D supplements
Breath into paper bag can help with tetany
IV calcium gluconate for symptomatic hypocalcemia
Hypercalcemia care
Stop meds related
Low calcium diet
Drink 3000-4000 ml of fluid to promote renal excretion ( decrease chance of kidney stones)
Saline, calcitonin for severe
Hypomagnesemia signs
Seizure with low RR, low BM, increased BP, increased DTR
Confusion, depression, irritability, nystagmus!!
Hypermagnesemia signs
Muscle weakness
Respiratory arrest
EKG changes
Decreased DTR, BP, HR
N/V
Hypotension
Hypomagnesemia causes
ALCOHOLISM
Malnutrition/ malabsorption
Diuretics
Sepsis/ burns
Hypermagnesemia causes
Renal failure
Untreated DKA
Hypomagnesemia care
Oral support/ diet change
IC Mg
- monitor vitals since rapid infusion can cause cardiac arrest
Hypermagnesemia care
Avoid Mg drugs
limit dietary Mg
Increase fluid, give diuretic if renal function good
Dialysis is impaired renal function
Hypophosphatemia signs
“My cat ate sav hamster”
Muscle weakness
Constipation
Anemia, bruising
Seizure
Hypoactive bowel sounds
Hyperphosphatemia signs
Joint pain
Muscle pain
Muscle weakness
Hypophosphatemia causes
Insufficient phosphorus intake
- malnutrition
- starvation
Increased phosphorus excretion
Hyperphosphatemia causes
Kidney failure
Phosphate supplements
Hypophatemia care
Increase oral intake
Phosphate supplements
Hyperphosphatemia
Care
Restrict foods/ fluids high in phosphorus
Dialysis if severe
Hypo/hyperchloremia signs
Chloride
No specific signs
Has relationship with hypo/hyperchloremia
Hypochloremia causes
Diarrhea
Diuretics
Hyperchloremia cause
Diabetes
Dehydration
Aspirin toxicity
Hypochloremia care
Saline
Diet changes
Hyperchloremia care
If meds related, stop meds
If dehydration hydrate with saline
Hypercalcemia causes
“Chimpanzees”
Calcium supplements Hyper parathyroid Immobilization Milk Alkali syndrome Parathyroid hyperplasia Alcohol Neoplasm Zollinger Ellison syndrome Excessive vit d intake Excessive vit a Sarcoidosis
Sodium and potassium
Inverse
Sodium up, potassium down
Calcium and phosphorus
Inverse
Calcium and vit D
Similar
Magnesium and calcium
Similar
Magnesium and potassium
Similar
Magnesium and phosphorus
Inverse
