Protection Flashcards

Question

Prostate cancer S/S

Answer 1

Urinary retention; hesitancy, frequency Frequent bladder infections Hematuria (late sign) Labs: - Elevated PSA (>4 ng/ml) - take PSA before DRE

Answer 2

Hormone therapy Chemotherapy Radiation Prostatectomy

Answer 3

``` Older age High fate diet (red meat 🥩) Genetics 🧬 Smoking 🚬 Obesity/ inactivity Alcohol 🍺 ```

Answer 4

Rectal bleeding 🩸 Change in bowels ( color shape consistency) ``` Labs: - FOBT - Colonoscopy w/ biopsy • start at 50, every 10 years - Sigmoidoscopy • every 5 years ```

Answer 5

Smoking 🚬 Pollution Exposure to asbestos Male

Answer 6

``` Cough 😷 Blood in sputum Chest pain SOB Weight loss Fatigue Dull chest percussion ``` Diagnosis: Ct scan Bronchoscope w/ needle biopsy

Answer 7

``` Chemotherapy Targeted therapy Radiation Photodynamic therapy Lobectomy Pneumonectomy ```

Answer 8

WBC < 1,000 (common side effect from chemo) No definite symptoms until infection develops Routine CBC W/ differential, obtained after chemotherapy can revel before onset of infection

Answer 9

If accompanied w/ FEVER 🥵 🤒 the patient is considered to have an infection and usually is admitted to hospital 🏥 1) blood culture 2) urine culture 3) chest X-ray Broad spectrum antibiotics are initiated as soon as culture is obtained -> changed after culture and sensitivity results are available

Answer 10

Decrease production of Neutrophils: - aplastic anemia due to medication or toxins - metastatic cancer - myelodysplastic syndrome - chemotherapy - radiation

Answer 11

1) private room w/ door closed 2) hand washing when enter room 3) no gloves or gowns required 4) no plants, fruits or vegetables 5) no sick visitors 6) no special precautions

Answer 12

Risk: - comprised immune system - stress/ fatigue - poor nutrition Treatment: - antiviral (acyclovir) - analgesic - isolation until vesicles crust over Prevention: - vaccine over 60

Answer 13

Painful unilateral rash Horizontally along dermatome Compilation: postherpetic neuralgia- nerve damage/ pain

Answer 14

``` Copper Iron Magnesium Vitamin B12 Folic acid Niacin Vitamin A, D, E, K 200-400 ml of blood Vitamin B6 ```

Answer 15

1) AST/ALT 0-35 Liver dysfunction 2) Bilirubin <1 Liver dysfunction Bile duct obstruction PT 11-12.5 sec 3) Albumin 3.5-5 ⬇️ liver dysfunction or malnutrition 4) ammonia 10-80 ⬆️ liver dysfunction

Answer 16

1) Fulminant Hepatitis: failure of liver cells to regenerate, progression of necrosis ( rare but often fatal) 2) Chronic Hepatitis: continue for more that 6m, usually as a result of B or C, may lead to liver failure and death

Answer 17

Jaundice, pruritis Asses VS, low grade temp Urine: dark N/V, anorexia Decrease energy, fatigue Inspect stool,May Be Clay Colored!!! Complain of RUQ abd pain, tenderness, muscle or joint pain Edema, ascites, hepatomegaly, spenomegaly, asses weight and I/O

Answer 18

Rest- decrease metabolic demand of liver Diet: high CHO and calories (2500-300 cal/d) moderate protein and fat, small freq meal, avoid fatty fried food Drugs: antiemetic, vitamin supplement, care with sedatives and narcotics Comfort: mouth care, careful w/ injections, good skin care Monitor I/O and weight Vaccine: Hep A&B

Answer 19

Avoid OTC medication Avoid alcohol Rest Small frequent meal with high carb and low fat Avoid sex until antibody screen negative

Answer 20

Adequate sanitation and personal hygiene Water treated by purification When traveling avoid foods wash or prepared with tap water Don’t share bed linens, towels, eating utensils and drinking glasses Don’t share needles

Answer 21

Spread by poor hand hygiene; fecal-oral Illness may last 4-8 wk ``` Mild flulike symptoms Low grade fever Anorexia Later jaundice and dark urine Indigestion and epigastric distress Enlargement of liver and spleen ```

Answer 22

Prevention: - good hand washing, safe water 💧 and proper sewage disposal - vaccine 💉 - immunoglobulin for contacts to provide passive immunity Bed rest during acute stage Nutritional support

Answer 23

- Body fluids- blood, saliva, semen, vaginal secretions - Sexually transmitted; transmitted to infant at time of birth - worldwide cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer

Answer 24

- medication for chronic hepatitis B include: - alpha interferon and antiviral agents - nearest and nutritional support - vaccine: - for people at high risk - passive immunization for those exposed - standard precautions and infection control measures - screening of blood

Answer 25

Transmitted via blood and sexual contact; including needle sticks and sharing needles Symptoms usually mild Chronic carrier state frequently occurs

Answer 26

Antiviral medication: interferons, ribavirin Reduce spread like B Alcohol potentiates disease; medications harmful to liver avoid Decrease needle sharing among drug users Screening of blood supply

Answer 27

Only person with hep B at risk Blood and sexual contact transmission Likely to develop fulminant liver failure or chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis

Answer 28

Transmitted by fecal-oral Resemble hepatitis A Self limiting, abrupt onset, non chronic

Answer 29

Toxic and drug induced hepatitis ``` Anorexia, N/V Jaundice, Hepatomegaly Chills, fever, rash, pruritus, arthralgia Emesia containing blood Clotting abnormalities Hemorrhage under skin Vascular collapse ```

Answer 30

Removal of cause is most important If reaction is severe there are few reran that options other than transplant

Answer 31

RUQ discomfort N/V Weight loss Fever / chills Jaundice Dark urine