Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR 155 med surg > Protection > Flashcards

Protection Flashcards

1
Q

Neoplasia

A

Abnormal & progressive multiplication of cells resulting in a neoplasm (tumor)

Benign: arise from normal differentiated cells

Malignant: disease or the cell that present with abnormal function; growth and dissemination of affected cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Metastasis

A

Spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor to distant sites

Via blood, lymph, two structures beside each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

NADIR

A

Lowest point of WBC depression after therapy that has toxic effects on the bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Neutropenia

A

Abnormally low absolute neutrophil count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Decrease number of circulating platelets

Potential for bleeding

<50,000 bleeding precautions

<20,000 transfusions

<6,000 can spontaneously bleed w/o any trauma ( female with period need to give something to stop it)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Extravasation

A

Leakage of medication from the veins into the subcutaneous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cancer risk factors

A 
Advanced age 
Genetics 🧬 
Immunosuppressant 
Viruses 🦠 
Smoking 🚬 
Sun exposure ☀️ 
High fat- low fiber diet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

S/S of cancer

A

Unexplained weight loss

Fatigue

Pain

Infection

Bleeding 🩸

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Diagnosis cancer

A

Biopsy- tissue removed and tested for cancerous cells (can tell where cancer came from)

MRI
CT scan
Ultrasound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treatment of cancer

A

1) CHEMOTHERAPY medication used to destroy rapidly dividing cells and is administered through implanted port or through a central line
2) RADIATION height radiation beams are pointed at tumors causing them to shrink or die
3) Surgery to remove tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cancer complications

A 
Malnutrition 
Infection 
Mucositis 
Anemia 
Thrombocytopenia 
Alopecia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Malnutrition nursing care / teaching

A

Nursing care:

  • antiemetic
  • appetite stimulant

Teaching:

  • avoid liquid w/ food
  • eat cold/ room temp food
  • high cal, protein, nutrient dense
  • supplants as needed
  • eat foods they like
  • tiny meals through day
  • plastic spoon( avoid metal taste)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mucositis care and teaching

A

Care:
- oral care before and after meal

Teaching :

  • avoid glycerin/ alcohol containing mouthwash
  • rinse mouth with saline solution twice a day
  • use sift bristled toothbrush
  • eat soft/ bland food
  • avoid hot/cold extremes
  • continue to floss but don’t start
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Anemia/ thrombocytopenia care

A

Epoetin Alfa

Ferrous sulfate

Monitor for blood in stool urine or vomit

Avoid IV or injections

Prolonged pressure after blood drawls or injections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Anemia/ thrombocytopenia teaching

A

Use electric razor 🪒

Soft toothbrush 🪥

Avoid blowing nose 🤧 vigorously

Avoid NSIADS 💊

Prevent injury d/t risk of bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

External radiation therapy

A
  • skin over target area marked; don’t wash off
  • wash skin over affected area w/ mild soap and water; gently pat dry
  • don’t apply lotion, powder, ointments to irritated skin
  • wear lose/ soft clothing
  • avoid extreme hot or cold to area
  • avoid sun or heat exposure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Internal radiation therapy

A
  • keep door closed w/ warning on door ⚠️
  • limit visors
    • 30 mins
    • maintain > 6ft
  • wear lead apron and dosimeter film badge

If home:

  • wash bedding and clothes separate from others 👚
  • use separate utensils 🍴
  • sleep in different room 🛌
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Skin cancer

A

1) Squamous cell: rough scaly lesion, affect epidermis
2) Basal cell: small, waxy nodules, affects epidermis and dermis
3) Melanoma: new mole it change in mole. Most deadly form of skin cancer

  • fair skin at more risk
  • ABCDE assessment
  • radiation / Chemo if it metastasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ABCDE Assessment

A 
A: asymmetric 
B: border (irregular)
C: color ( pigment varies across mole) 
D: diameter (<6mm)
E: evolving (change in appearance or new bleeding)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Breast cancer risk factors

A 
Genetics 🧬 
Age 
Early manatche
Late menopause 
Long term use of contraceptives 
Smoking 
Hormone replacement therapy 
Obesity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Breast cancer S/S

A
  • firm non tender, non mobile lump
  • dimpling or peu d-orange appearance
  • nipple discharge, ulceration or retraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Breast cancer treatment

A
  • hormone therapy
  • chemotherapy
  • radiation ☢️
  • surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mastectomy nursing care

A
  • teach to wear sling when ambulating
  • teach to wear lose/ non restrictive clothing
  • DONT administer injections, BP or obtain blood in affected arm!
    • lympedema
  • encourage arm/hand exercises to prevent edema and increase ROM
24
Q

Prostate cancer risk factors

A

Old age
High fat diet
Race AA
Family history

25
Q

Prostate cancer S/S

A

Urinary retention; hesitancy, frequency

Frequent bladder infections

Hematuria (late sign)

Labs:

  • Elevated PSA (>4 ng/ml)
  • take PSA before DRE
26
Q

Prostate cancer treatment

A

Hormone therapy
Chemotherapy
Radiation
Prostatectomy

27
Q

Colon cancer risk factors

A 
Older age 
High fate diet (red meat 🥩)
Genetics 🧬 
Smoking 🚬 
Obesity/ inactivity 
Alcohol 🍺
28
Q

Colon cancer S/S

A

Rectal bleeding 🩸
Change in bowels ( color shape consistency)

Labs: 
- FOBT
- Colonoscopy w/ biopsy 
   • start at 50, every 10 years 
- Sigmoidoscopy 
   • every 5 years
29
Q

Lung cancer risk factors

A

Smoking 🚬
Pollution
Exposure to asbestos
Male

30
Q

Lung 🫁 cancer S/S

A 
Cough 😷 
Blood in sputum
Chest pain
SOB
Weight loss 
Fatigue 
Dull chest percussion

Diagnosis:
Ct scan
Bronchoscope w/ needle biopsy

31
Q

Lung cancer treatment

A 
Chemotherapy 
Targeted therapy 
Radiation 
Photodynamic therapy 
Lobectomy 
Pneumonectomy
32
Q

Neutropenia

A

WBC < 1,000 (common side effect from chemo)

No definite symptoms until infection develops

Routine CBC W/ differential, obtained after chemotherapy can revel before onset of infection

33
Q

What to do with neutropenia with fever

A

If accompanied w/ FEVER 🥵 🤒 the patient is considered to have an infection and usually is admitted to hospital 🏥

1) blood culture
2) urine culture
3) chest X-ray

Broad spectrum antibiotics are initiated as soon as culture is obtained -> changed after culture and sensitivity results are available

34
Q

What causes Neutropenia

A

Decrease production of Neutrophils:

  • aplastic anemia due to medication or toxins
  • metastatic cancer
  • myelodysplastic syndrome
  • chemotherapy
  • radiation
35
Q

Neutropenic precautions

A

1) private room w/ door closed
2) hand washing when enter room
3) no gloves or gowns required
4) no plants, fruits or vegetables
5) no sick visitors
6) no special precautions

36
Q

Herpes zoster / Shingles

A

Risk:

  • comprised immune system
  • stress/ fatigue
  • poor nutrition

Treatment:

  • antiviral (acyclovir)
  • analgesic
  • isolation until vesicles crust over

Prevention:
- vaccine over 60

37
Q

Herpes zoster S/S

A

Painful unilateral rash
Horizontally along dermatome

Compilation: postherpetic neuralgia- nerve damage/ pain

38
Q

Liver stores

A 
Copper
Iron 
Magnesium 
Vitamin B12
Folic acid 
Niacin 
Vitamin A, D, E, K
200-400 ml of blood 
Vitamin B6
39
Q

Liver labs

A

1) AST/ALT 0-35
Liver dysfunction

2) Bilirubin <1
Liver dysfunction
Bile duct obstruction
PT 11-12.5 sec

3) Albumin 3.5-5
⬇️ liver dysfunction or malnutrition

4) ammonia 10-80
⬆️ liver dysfunction

40
Q

Complication of hepatitis

A

1) Fulminant Hepatitis:
failure of liver cells to regenerate, progression of necrosis ( rare but often fatal)

2) Chronic Hepatitis:
continue for more that 6m, usually as a result of B or C, may lead to liver failure and death

41
Q

Liver specific assessment

A

Jaundice, pruritis

Asses VS, low grade temp

Urine: dark

N/V, anorexia

Decrease energy, fatigue

Inspect stool,May Be Clay Colored!!!

Complain of RUQ abd pain, tenderness, muscle or joint pain

Edema, ascites, hepatomegaly, spenomegaly, asses weight and I/O

42
Q

Management of hepatitis

A

Rest- decrease metabolic demand of liver

Diet: high CHO and calories (2500-300 cal/d) moderate protein and fat, small freq meal, avoid fatty fried food

Drugs: antiemetic, vitamin supplement, care with sedatives and narcotics

Comfort: mouth care, careful w/ injections, good skin care

Monitor I/O and weight

Vaccine: Hep A&B

43
Q

Hepatitis teaching

A

Avoid OTC medication

Avoid alcohol

Rest

Small frequent meal with high carb and low fat

Avoid sex until antibody screen negative

44
Q

Hepatitis prevention

A

Adequate sanitation and personal hygiene

Water treated by purification

When traveling avoid foods wash or prepared with tap water

Don’t share bed linens, towels, eating utensils and drinking glasses

Don’t share needles

45
Q

Hepatitis A

A

Spread by poor hand hygiene; fecal-oral

Illness may last 4-8 wk

Mild flulike symptoms 
Low grade fever
Anorexia 
Later jaundice and dark urine
Indigestion and epigastric distress
Enlargement of liver and spleen
46
Q

Hepatitis A management

A

Prevention:

  • good hand washing, safe water 💧 and proper sewage disposal
  • vaccine 💉
  • immunoglobulin for contacts to provide passive immunity

Bed rest during acute stage

Nutritional support

47
Q

Hepatitis B

A
  • Body fluids- blood, saliva, semen, vaginal secretions
  • Sexually transmitted; transmitted to infant at time of birth
  • worldwide cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer
48
Q

Hepatitis B management

A
  • medication for chronic hepatitis B include:
    • alpha interferon and antiviral agents
  • nearest and nutritional support
  • vaccine:
    • for people at high risk
    • passive immunization for those exposed
    • standard precautions and infection control measures
    • screening of blood
49
Q

Hepatitis C

Non-A
Non- B

A

Transmitted via blood and sexual contact; including needle sticks and sharing needles

Symptoms usually mild

Chronic carrier state frequently occurs

50
Q

Hepatitis C management

A

Antiviral medication: interferons, ribavirin

Reduce spread like B

Alcohol potentiates disease; medications harmful to liver avoid

Decrease needle sharing among drug users

Screening of blood supply

51
Q

Hepatitis D

A

Only person with hep B at risk

Blood and sexual contact transmission

Likely to develop fulminant liver failure or chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis

52
Q

Hepatitis E

A

Transmitted by fecal-oral

Resemble hepatitis A

Self limiting, abrupt onset, non chronic

53
Q

No viral hepatitis

A

Toxic and drug induced hepatitis

Anorexia, N/V
Jaundice, Hepatomegaly 
Chills, fever, rash, pruritus, arthralgia
Emesia containing blood
Clotting abnormalities 
Hemorrhage under skin
Vascular collapse
54
Q

Non girl hepatitis treatment

A

Removal of cause is most important

If reaction is severe there are few reran that options other than transplant

55
Q

Hepatitis signs

A

RUQ discomfort

N/V

Weight loss

Fever / chills

Jaundice

Dark urine

NUR 155 med surg (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions