PVD

Question 1

a. Formation of a thrombus (clot) with vein inflammation

b. Superficial vein thrombosis

Answer 1

Venous Thrombosis

Question 2

Virchow’s triad

Answer 2

i. Venous stasis
ii. Damage to endothelium
iii. Hypercoagulability of blood

Question 3

Risk factors for VTE

Answer 3

i. Obese, Pregnant, Chronic HF or atrial fibrillation

ii. Traveling on long trips without exercise, Prolonged surgery, Prolonged immobility

Question 4

Inferior vena cava DVT

Answer 4

Legs edematous (excess fluid) & cyanotic

Question 5

Superior Vena Cava DVT

Answer 5

Similar symptoms of arms, neck, back & face; some pts are asymptomatic

Question 6

1. Unilateral edema, Pain, tenderness with palpation
2. Dilated superficial veins, Full sensation in thigh or calf, Paresthesia
3. Red, warm, Fever greater than 100.4° F (38° C)

Answer 6

LE clot

Question 7

Diagnosis DVT

Answer 7

Assessment

D-dimer or ultrasound

Question 8

Most serious complications of DVT

Answer 8

PE

Question 9

PE s/s

Answer 9

1. Sudden & severe SOB
2. Pleuritic chest p!
3. Restless; anxious
4. Hemoptysis
5. Increased HR, RR
6. Crackles
7. Petechia

Question 10

Prevention of DVT

Answer 10

a. Avoid oral contraceptives, Drink adequate fluids to prevent dehydration
b. Exercise legs during long periods of bed rest/sitting

Question 11

incision into vein to remove clot

Answer 11

Open venous thrombectomy

Question 12

VTE risk factors

Answer 12

Smoking, hormone therapy, travel, prolonged sitting, signs/symptoms of PE

Question 13

Anticoagulant therapy teaching

Answer 13

wear med alert bracelet

Question 14

Risk factors of varicose veins

Answer 14

Family history of venous problems, female, tobacco use, aging, obesity, multi-parity, history of VTE, venous obstruction, phlebitis, leg injury, prolonged sitting or standing

Question 15

Varicose vein clinical manifestation

Answer 15

heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting; relieved by walking or limb elevation

Question 16

Pt teaching for varicose vein

Answer 16

Graduated compression stockings, Elevate legs, Weight management, Position changes, Dietary and herbal supplements

Question 17

abnormalities of venous system include edema, skin changes, and venous leg ulcers

Answer 17

Venous Insufficiency

Question 18

Risk factors of Venous insufficiency

Answer 18

Sitting/standing for a long period of time, obesity; pregnancy

Question 19

Clinical Manifestations and Complications ; Venous Ulcers

Answer 19

Brown; leathery edematous: Stasis dematitits
Eczema
Venous ulcers

Question 20

Venous ulcers care

Answer 20

1. Stockings: Teach proper fit and application
2. Avoid prolonged sitting or standing
3. Elevate legs above heart when in bed
4. Daily walking, avoid crossing legs
5. Daily foot and leg care: Wound care and dressing

Question 21

Venous ulcers nutrition

Answer 21

adequate protein, vitamins A and C, zinc