PVD Flashcards
a. Formation of a thrombus (clot) with vein inflammation
b. Superficial vein thrombosis
Venous Thrombosis
Virchow’s triad
i. Venous stasis
ii. Damage to endothelium
iii. Hypercoagulability of blood
Risk factors for VTE
i. Obese, Pregnant, Chronic HF or atrial fibrillation
ii. Traveling on long trips without exercise, Prolonged surgery, Prolonged immobility
Inferior vena cava DVT
Legs edematous (excess fluid) & cyanotic
Superior Vena Cava DVT
Similar symptoms of arms, neck, back & face; some pts are asymptomatic
- Unilateral edema, Pain, tenderness with palpation
- Dilated superficial veins, Full sensation in thigh or calf, Paresthesia
- Red, warm, Fever greater than 100.4° F (38° C)
LE clot
Diagnosis DVT
Assessment
D-dimer or ultrasound
Most serious complications of DVT
PE
PE s/s
- Sudden & severe SOB
- Pleuritic chest p!
- Restless; anxious
- Hemoptysis
- Increased HR, RR
- Crackles
- Petechia
Prevention of DVT
a. Avoid oral contraceptives, Drink adequate fluids to prevent dehydration
b. Exercise legs during long periods of bed rest/sitting
incision into vein to remove clot
Open venous thrombectomy
VTE risk factors
Smoking, hormone therapy, travel, prolonged sitting, signs/symptoms of PE
Anticoagulant therapy teaching
wear med alert bracelet
Risk factors of varicose veins
Family history of venous problems, female, tobacco use, aging, obesity, multi-parity, history of VTE, venous obstruction, phlebitis, leg injury, prolonged sitting or standing
Varicose vein clinical manifestation
heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting; relieved by walking or limb elevation
Pt teaching for varicose vein
Graduated compression stockings, Elevate legs, Weight management, Position changes, Dietary and herbal supplements
abnormalities of venous system include edema, skin changes, and venous leg ulcers
Venous Insufficiency
Risk factors of Venous insufficiency
Sitting/standing for a long period of time, obesity; pregnancy
Clinical Manifestations and Complications ; Venous Ulcers
Brown; leathery edematous: Stasis dematitits
Eczema
Venous ulcers
Venous ulcers care
- Stockings: Teach proper fit and application
- Avoid prolonged sitting or standing
- Elevate legs above heart when in bed
- Daily walking, avoid crossing legs
- Daily foot and leg care: Wound care and dressing
Venous ulcers nutrition
adequate protein, vitamins A and C, zinc
