Inflammatory disorders Flashcards
a. Disease of the endocardial layer of the heart, including the heart valves
b. IE most often affects the aortic and mitral valves
Infective Endocarditis (IE)
Classification of IE
By cause & site
Cause of IE
IV drug used
Fungal
Bacterial infection (staph, strept)
Site of involvement of IE
i. Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE)
ii. Pacemaker, defibulator
Risk factors for IE
i. Prosthetic valves
ii. Hemodialysis
iii. IV drug abuse (IVDA)
3 stages in IE
Bacteremia (when bacteria enters)
Adhesion (when bacteria sticks)
Vegetation (when lesions form)
IE clinical manifestations
a. Nonspecific
b. Fever
c. Chills
d. Weakness
e. Malaise
f. Fatigue
g. Anorexia
Subacute form IE s/s
i. Arthralgias (joint p!)
ii. Myalgias (muscle p!)
iii. Back pain
iv. Abdominal discomfort
v. Weight loss
vi. Headache
vii. Clubbing of fingers
Vascular manifestations (IE)
Splinter hemorrhages Petechiae Osler's nodes Janeway's lesions Roth's spots
Manifestations secondary to septic embolism
i. Central nervous system
ii. Extremities
iii. Spleen
iv. Kidneys
IE Lab tests
i. Blood cultures
ii. CBC with differential
iii. ESR, C-reactive protein (CRP)
Care for IE prophylactic antibiotic treatment:
i. Certain dental procedures
ii. Respiratory tract infections
iii. Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
iv. Surgical procedures involving infected skin, skin structures, or musculoskeletal tissue
Health history
i. Valvular, congenital, or syphilitic heart disease
Pt teaching
Stress need to avoid infectious people Plan rest periods Good oral hygiene Prophylactic antibiotics drug rehab--iv drug users
Ambulatory care
Antibiotic therapy 4-6 weeks
vi. Adequate rest
vii. Moderate activity
viii. Compression stockings
ix. ROM exercises
x. Deep breath and cough every 2 hours
