♡ Failure Flashcards
Primary risk factors of HF
HTN
CAD
Co-morbidities
Primary causes of HF
Conditions that directly damage the heart
Left-sided HF results from
- Empty adequately during systole, or
- Fill adequately during diastole
LEFT & LUNGs
R sided HF
fluid back up into venous system
What causes R sided HF?
Left-sided HF (one leads to another)
L sided HF: clinical manifestations
Decreased CO Fatigue Oliguria Angina; confusion Dizzziness; tachycardia Pallor; weak peripheral pulses
Late sign of L sided HF
Early sign
Oliguria
Nocturia
L sided HF congestion Pulmonary:
Pulmonary:
i. Hacking cough, worse at night
ii. Dyspnea/breathlessness
iii. Crackles or wheezes in lungs
iv. Frothy, pink-tinged sputum (EMERGENCY), Tachypnea
R sided HF manifestations
Systemic congestion
i. Jugular vein distention
ii. Enlarged liver and spleen
iii. Anorexia and nausea
iv. Dependent edema (legs and sacrum)
v. Distended abdomen
vi. Swollen hands and fingers
vii. Polyuria at night
viii. Weight gain
ix. Increased BP (from excess volume) or decreased BP (from failure)
Chronic HF manifestations
Fatigue Dyspnea Orthopnea Nocturnal dyspnea Cough Tachycardia Skin changes (cool & clammy)
Diagnostic studies
Echo
ECG
BNP levels (increased levels signify HF)
HF care:
VS O2 saturation Weight Mentation ECGs Urinary output
High fowler
HF mechanical ventilation:
crackles destat edema will increase JVD will increase Fluid in abdomen pink frothily sputum
Mechanical cardiac assist devices for patients with deteriorating HF
i. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP)
ii. Left Ventricular assist devices (LVADs)
Nutritional therapy for HF
Low sodium diet (2g/day)
Fluid restriction for stage D HF
Report weight gain:
3 lb over 2 days
4-5 lbs over a week
Care for HF
iii. Monitor respiratory status
iv. Administer oxygen therapy
v. Semi-Fowler’s position
vi. Monitor hemodynamic status
vii. Daily weights
viii. I & O
ix. Administer prescribed
Indications for worsening HF
Rapid weight gain Decrease in exercise tolerance Cold symptoms Excessive awakening @ night to urinate Development of dyspnea/angina @ rest Increased edema in feet, ankles, hands
HF complication
Pleural effusion AFIB thrombus Hepatomegaly Cardio-renal syndrome Anemia
Pulmonary Edema (MED EMERGENCY) Clinical Manifestations
a. Anxious, pale, cyanotic
b. Dyspnea
c. Orthopnea, Tachypnea
d. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, Use of accessory muscles
e. Cough with frothy, blood-tinged sputum
Pulmonary Edema nursing actions
High fowlers
Oxygen
Mechanical ventilation
IV meds
Pericardial Tamponade Clinical Manifestations
Bex triad
Hypotension
Muffled ♡ sounds
JVD
Due to Fluid Accumulation in the pericardial sac: heart becomes depressed
Pericardial Tamponade
