Puttoff/Robins WBC 2 Flashcards
4 big time functions of t helper cells?
Activate B cells to secrete antibodies
Activate macrophages to eat
Activate CD8 cells to kill
Inflammation
3 biomarkers for treg cells?
Cd4, fox p53, and cd25
What cytokine is essential for distinguishing treg cells?
Tgfbeta
What feature to note about NK cells?
Granules
What is the function of High endothelial venules?
Make surveillance of the body for antigen more efficient so all antigen specific lymphocytes can see all the presenting cells coming through with antigen
What are the 3 viruses leading to lymphomas and which specific ones do they lead to?
HTLV1: adult T cell leukemia
EBV: burkitt, some HL, B cell lymphomas in the setting of T cell immunodeficiency, and rare NK cell lymphomas
HHV8: unusual B cell lymphoma that presents as a malignant effusion.
Regarding lymphomas, which ones most often presents with an enlarged non tender LN?
2/3 of NHL
All HL
What do the remaining 1/3 NHL present as?
Symptoms because of extranodal sites
What are the 2 neoplasms of immature b and T cells?
B ALL and T ALL
What are the 8 neoplasms of mature B cells?
CLL, MM, follicular lymphoma, mantel cell lymphoma, marginal cell lymphoma, burkitt lymphoma, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia
6 neoplasms of mature T cells or NK cells?
Adult T cell leukemia Peripheral T cell lymphoma Anaplastic large cell lymphoma Extra nodal NK/T cell lymphoma Mycosis fungoides Large granular lymphocytic leukemia
Primary extranodal lymphomas are more common in NHL or HD? What are the three most common extranodal sites in order of frequency for NHL?
GI, skin, head and neck
What is accurate terminology for extranodal/nodal for spleen for HD and NHL?
Extranodal for NHL and nodal for HD
What are the two gene mutations in BALL and what is the most common gene mutation in TALL?
RUN X1 and ETV6
NOTCH1
What is the most common cancer of children?
ALL
Compare prevalence of whites and blacks with ALL? Which ethnic group has the highest incidence of any group getting ALL?
Whites more than blacks
Hispanics
Symptoms of acute leukemia are related to what 4 things?
Depression of marrow function, fever, infection and bleeding
2 specific symptoms more common to ALL?
Mass effects and CNS manifestations like HA vomiting, nerve palsies
What are 5 favorable prognostic factors for ALL?
Age 2-10 Low WBC count Hyperdiploidy Trisomies 4,7,10 12;21 translocation
4 unfavorable prognostic factors for ALL?
Age under 2
Teen or adult
Peripheral blasts over 100k
9:22 or Philadelphia translocation
What is the most common leukemia in adults in the western world?
CLL
4 cd markers for CLL?
5,19,20 and 23
What is the richter transformation?
CLL or small lymphocytic lymphoma transforms to diffuse large B cell lymphoma.
What is the most common form of indolent NHL?
Follicular lymphoma
What is the most common form of NHL?
DLBCL
Two most common mutations of DLBCL?
Dysregulation of BLC6
Small percentage have the BCL2 translocation of follicular
What are the two subtypes of DLCBL associated with herpes virus?
Immunodeficiency associated large B cell lymphoma EBV
Primary effusion lymphoma KSHV/HHV8
What is normally expressed predominantly in GC B cells and what is essential for GC formation? Also, DLBCL tumors that have the BCL2 translocation, usually lack what mutation?
BCL6
What part of the body is frequently involved with DLBCL and what is uncommon?
Waldeyer ring and extranodal sites are common
BM
3 subtypes of burkitt?
African
Sporadic
HIV
Most burkitt lymphomas manifest where?
Extranodal
