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PHRM 822 Medications List > PUP Final: Counseling Tips and Important Info > Flashcards

PUP Final: Counseling Tips and Important Info Flashcards

1
Q

doxycycline monohydrate or hyclate forms

A

Sun-sensitivity: use sunscreens, avoid tanning beds

Take with food to prevent stomach upset

Do not take food, vitamins, or medication containing

Ca++, Fe++, Mg++, or Zn++ within 2 hrs before or 2 hrs after doxycycline

Though unlikely, may decrease effectiveness of oral
contraceptives (OC); use additional form of birth control
(BC) during and 1 wk after last dose

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2
Q

Amoxicilin

A

Though unlikely, may decrease effectiveness of OC; use
additional form of BC during and 1 wk after last dose

Contraindicated if penicillin allergy

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3
Q

Cephalexin

A

Do not take vitamins or medication containing Zn++ for at least 3 hrs after cephalexin

Contraindicated if cephalosporin allergy

Caution if penicillin allergy

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4
Q

azithromycin

A

Do not take with an Al++ or Mg++ containing antacid

QTc prolongation occurs rarely, but possible interaction
with many different medications

Contraindicated if macrolide allergy

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5
Q

ciprofloxacin

A

QTc prolongation occurs rarely, but possible interaction
with many different medications

Do not take food or medications containing Ca++, Fe++
within 2 hrs before or 2 hrs after ciprofloxacin

Sun-sensitivity: use sunscreens, avoid tanning beds

May increase caffeine sensitivity

Contraindicated if fluoroquinolone allergy

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6
Q

sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim

A

Sun-sensitivity: use sunscreens, avoid tanning beds

Take with at least 8 oz. water

Contraindicated if sulfa allergy

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7
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

Orange or brown urine is expected and not cause for
concern

Do not take food or medications containing Mg++ within 2 hrs before or 2 hrs after nitrofurantoin

Take with food/milk to ↑ absorption

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8
Q

Metronidazole

A

Contraindicated: Alcohol use during therapy and for 3 days following last dose

Metallic taste in mouth

Headache common adverse effect

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9
Q

Fluconazole

A

QTc prolongation occurs rarely, but possible interaction
with many different medications

Report any new skin rash to the prescriber

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10
Q

Valacyclovir

A

Headache common adverse effect

Does not prevent disease transmission [avoid sex when
sores are present]

Drink lots of fluids to prevent accumulation in kidneys

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11
Q

ethinyl estradiol products

A

Miss a dose: take as soon as possible or within next days’ dose (miss Monday, take 2 on Tuesday. If you miss 2 or more days, refer to package directions)

If OC not started day 1 of menses, use additional non-drug form of contraception first week of therapy

Take same time each day for maximum effectiveness

Some anti-convulsants (divalproex, lamotrigine) may decrease effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives and/or increase chance of seizures

None of the medications on this list protect against HIV/AIDS/STDs

Increased Cardiovascular Risk (DVT, PE, MI). Not recommended for those over 35 years old, smoker or history of stroke/blood clots

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12
Q

Ethinyl estradiol/norgestromin

A

Same side effect profile as oral contraceptives but more common

Adhesive my cause skin rash/rotate sites

Do not cut patch

Apply to butt, upper torso, stomach, upper arm

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13
Q

ethinyl estradiol/etonogestrel

A

If it falls out, rinse with cool water and re-insert within 3 hours

Don’t remove for intercourse

Ring is drug delivery device, not a barrier

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14
Q

medroxyprogesterone

A

Nervousness

Administration by healthcare professional

Don’t use more than 2 years due to potential bone loss

Spotting or absent menses may result

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15
Q

levonorgestrel

A

Same side effects as oral contraceptives but more common

Fatigue

No evidence of interaction with antibiotics

Will not terminate existing pregnancy

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16
Q

clonazapam

A

Drowsiness

Fatigue

Ataxia

Behavioral Problems

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17
Q

alprazolam

A

Confusion

Drowsiness

Excessive drowsiness with alcohol - avoid

Do not stop drug suddenly if taking routinely

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18
Q

cyclobenzaprine

A

Dry Mouth (aka xerostomia)

Dizziness

Drowsiness

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19
Q

loratadine

A

headache

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20
Q

diphenhydramine

A

drowsiness

alcohol intensifies drowsiness

paradoxical hyperactivity in children

dry mouth

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21
Q

fluticasone

A

gently shake before each use

may take several days for full effect

headache

sore throat

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22
Q

montelukast

A

don’t use for an acute asthma attack

headache

take dose in the evening to enhance efficacy: airways are more relaxed

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23
Q

albuterol sulfate

A

shake well

increased heart rate

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24
Q

budesonide and formoterol

A

Shake Well

Rinse out mouth after each use to prevent oral thrush

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25
Q

benzonatate

A

Drowsiness

Do not chew (numbing and choking)

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26
Q

dextromethorphan

A

shake well

potential for abuse - hallucinogen in high dose

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27
Q

guaifenesin

A

drinks lots of water to thin mucus

nausea

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28
Q

pseudoephrine

A

increased heart rate

jitters

insomnia

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29
Q

amphetamine/dextroamphetamine

A

take in the am due to insomnia

weight loss from decreased appetite

increases heart rate

dry mouth

headache

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30
Q

methylphenidate

A

take in the am due to insomnia

weight loss from decreased appetite

increases heart rate

dry mouth

headache

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31
Q

escitalopram

A

headache

insomnia or drowsiness

sexual dysfunction

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32
Q

venlafaxine

A

headache

insomnia or drowsiness

dry mouth

take with food if upset stomach

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33
Q

fluoxetine

A

sexual dysfunciton

anorexia

diarrhea

asthenia (lack of energy)

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34
Q

duloxetine

A

insomnia or drowsiness

take with food if upset stomach

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35
Q

sertraline

A

headache

insomnia > drowsiness

take with food if upset stomach

sexual dysfunction

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36
Q

amitriptyline

A

weight gain

constipation

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37
Q

trazodone

A

drowsiness

take with food to increase absorption

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38
Q

bupropion

A

insomnia

begin one week before patient intends to quit smoking

39
Q

ASA

A

stomach upset - possible bleed/ulceration

take with food/milk

take with water

do not give to children <18 yo due to risk of reye’s syndrome

ringing in ears with high dose

40
Q

ibuprofen, naproxen sodium, meloxicam

A

stomach upset (possible bleed/ulceration)

take with food/milk

avoid if history of heart problems

41
Q

methylprednisolone

A

finish entire course

take with food or milk to avoid stomach upset

take earlier in the day to avoid insomnia

42
Q

hydrocortisone

A

localized burning

43
Q

acetaminophen

A

APAP in many OTC and Rx combo products

do not treat hangovers with APAP due to liver toxicity

44
Q

tramadol

A

constipation

drowsiness

dizziness

45
Q

hydrocodone/apap

A

stomach upset

constipation

drowsiness

consider other apap counseling tips

46
Q

oxycodone

A

stomach upset

constipation

drowsiness

do not crush or chew CR tablets

47
Q

olanzapine

A

drowsiness

weight gain

increase blood sugar and/or cholesterol

movement disorders (muscle restlessness, stiffness, spasms)

decreased sex drive

48
Q

quetiapine

A

drowsiness

weight gain

increased BP, tachycardia

increased appetite

dizziness

49
Q

aripiprazole

A

drowsiness or insomnia

weight gain

movement disorders

50
Q

topiramate

A

dizziness/drowsiness

numbness/tingling

memory impairment

weight loss due to decreased appetite from nausea

51
Q

pregabalin

A

drowsiness/dizziness

headache

blurred vision

weight gain

52
Q

gabapentin

A

drowsiness/dizziness

uncoordinated muscle movements

53
Q

lamotrigine

A

drowsiness/dizziness

uncoordinated muscle movements

headache

blurred/double vision

54
Q

divalproex sodium

A

drowsiness/dizziness

tremor

muscle weakness

upset stomach, may take with food

55
Q

zolpidem

A

take within 20 minutes of bedtime

get >8 hours of rest, may cause next day drowsiness

risk of abnormal sleep behaviors

56
Q

temazepam

A

take drug right before you get into bed

get > 8 hours of rest, may cause next day drowsiness

headache

57
Q

promethazine

A

drowsiness

dizziness

avoid alcohol due to enhanced drowsiness

sun sensitivity

58
Q

ondansetron

A

fatigue

headache

constipation or diarrhea

59
Q

omeprazole

A

works in one day, up to four days for full effect

food delays absorption so take > 1 hour before food

separate from antacids by 2 hours

60
Q

famotidine

A

works in one hour, up to 1 day for full effect

can be taken with antacids

61
Q

magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, simethicone

A

shake well

works within minutes

many drug-drug interactions

constipation from aluminum

diarrhea from magnesium and simethicone

62
Q

calcium carbonate

A

constipation

chew before swallowing

do not use > 2 weeks for indigestion

63
Q

docusate sodium

A

works in 1-3 days

take with water

diarrhea, cramps

64
Q

polyethylene glycol

A

laxative works 1-3 days

do not take laxative longer than 1 week without MD approval

colon prep works in 1 hour

diarrhea, cramps, bloating

65
Q

bisacodyl

A

oral dose works in 8 hours

suppository works within 15 to 60 minutes

do not take longer than 1 week without md approval

diarrhea, cramps

66
Q

loperamide

A

drowsiness

if diarrhea not improved in 2 days, call md due to dehydration risk

67
Q

omega-3-fatty acids

A

burping and taste disturbances

swallow whole; do not open

refrigerate to reduce taste and smell

68
Q

fenofibrate

A

increased liver enzymes

discontinue if gallstones form

photosensitivity

69
Q

statins

A

increased liver enzymes

report unusual muscle pain, tenderness, weakness, or dark urine –> rhabdomyolysis

avoid grapefruit juice (increased drug concentration)

contraindicated in pregnancy

diarrhea

70
Q

ezetimibe

A

increased liver enzymes

diarrhea

71
Q

insulin

A

low blood sugar (sweating, nausea, dizziness)

refrigerate unopened vials

discard after 28 days if at room temperature

let syringe reach room temp prior to injection to avoid painful injection

rotate injection sites

72
Q

metformin

A

diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain

take with food

titrate dose up weekly (to reduce upset stomach, diarrhea)

long term use can cause vitamin b-12 deficiency

73
Q

dapagliflozin

A

urinary tract infection

increased urine output

decreased blood pressure

74
Q

liraglutide

A

low blood sugar (sweating, nausea, dizziness)

rotate injection sites

diarrhea

nausea

headache

75
Q

clopidogrel

A

avoid nsaids unless instructed due to increased bleeding risk

seek medical attention for unusual or prolonged bleeding or bruising

avoid abrupt discontinuation

76
Q

warfarin

A

avoid nsaids unless instructed due to increased bleeding risk

seek medical attention for unusual or prolonged bleeding or bruising

avoid abrupt discontinuation

keep dietary K and alcohol consumption consistent

many drug interactions; discuss new meds with RPh

take missed dose asap, but don’t double dose same day

77
Q

rivaroxaban

A

seek medical attention for unusual or prolonged bleeding or bruising

gastroenteritis

vomiting

cough (pediatric patients)

78
Q

furosemide

A

sun sensitivity

decreased electrolytes

dizziness upon standing

avoid taking at bedtime - increases urination

79
Q

spironolactone

A

gynecomastia

increased serum potassium

diarrhea

irregular menses

80
Q

hydrochlorothiazide

A

sun sensitivity

dizziness upon standing

avoid taking at bedtime - increases urination

81
Q

lisinopril

A

avoid during pregnancy

dizziness

dry cough

headache

increases serum potassium

82
Q

losartan

A

avoid during pregnancy

dizziness

headache

increases serum potassium

83
Q

amlodipine

A

leg swelling (edema)

headache

84
Q

metoprolol

A

dizziness

fatigue (goes away within 7 days)

take with food (better absorption)

lowers heart rate

do not discontinue medication abruptly –> increased cardiovascular risk

85
Q

levothyroxine

A

take with water at least 30 minutes before breakfast to increase absorption

take the same way every day

take >4 hours apart from antacids

may take several weeks to see symptoms improve

86
Q

tamsulosin

A

take 30 minutes after the same meal each day to increase absorption

orthostatic hypotension

headache

dizziness

87
Q

tolterodine

A

constipation

dry mouth

headache

88
Q

donepezil

A

nausea

diarrhea

risk of stomach bleed with nsaids

prolonged qt interval

89
Q

alendronate

A

take 30 min before breakfast to increase absorption

ensure adequate calcium and vitamin d intake

take with 8 ox of water and remain upright for 30 min

report heartburn or bone pain to physician

90
Q

allopurinol

A

report rash to prescriber if it occurs

may cause nausea and/or diarrhea

gout attacks may be more frequent in early therapy

91
Q

oseltamivir

A

nausea/vomiting

headache

does not replace flu vaccine

must initiate within 48 hours of onset of symptoms

92
Q

ferrous sulfate

A

best absorbed on empty stomach but take with food if stomach upset occurs

separate 2 hours before or after other medications

black stools

constipation common

93
Q

sumatriptan

A

tingling, dizziness common

avoid if history of cardiovascular disease

overuse (more than 10 days per month) may worsen or increase frequency of headaches

94
Q

tadalafil

A

do not take more than one daily

avoid alcohol due to risk of low blood pressure

avoid grapefruit juice or lower dose/frequency of tadalafil use

headache and flushing

report sudden loss of hearing or vision and discontinue use

PHRM 822 Medications List (17 decks)

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