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PHRM 822 Medications List > PUP Final: Counseling Tips and Important Info > Flashcards

PUP Final: Counseling Tips and Important Info Flashcards

1
Q

doxycycline monohydrate or hyclate forms

A

Sun-sensitivity: use sunscreens, avoid tanning beds

Take with food to prevent stomach upset

Do not take food, vitamins, or medication containing

Ca++, Fe++, Mg++, or Zn++ within 2 hrs before or 2 hrs after doxycycline

Though unlikely, may decrease effectiveness of oral
contraceptives (OC); use additional form of birth control
(BC) during and 1 wk after last dose

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2
Q

Amoxicilin

A

Though unlikely, may decrease effectiveness of OC; use
additional form of BC during and 1 wk after last dose

Contraindicated if penicillin allergy

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3
Q

Cephalexin

A

Do not take vitamins or medication containing Zn++ for at least 3 hrs after cephalexin

Contraindicated if cephalosporin allergy

Caution if penicillin allergy

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4
Q

azithromycin

A

Do not take with an Al++ or Mg++ containing antacid

QTc prolongation occurs rarely, but possible interaction
with many different medications

Contraindicated if macrolide allergy

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5
Q

ciprofloxacin

A

QTc prolongation occurs rarely, but possible interaction
with many different medications

Do not take food or medications containing Ca++, Fe++
within 2 hrs before or 2 hrs after ciprofloxacin

Sun-sensitivity: use sunscreens, avoid tanning beds

May increase caffeine sensitivity

Contraindicated if fluoroquinolone allergy

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6
Q

sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim

A

Sun-sensitivity: use sunscreens, avoid tanning beds

Take with at least 8 oz. water

Contraindicated if sulfa allergy

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7
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

Orange or brown urine is expected and not cause for
concern

Do not take food or medications containing Mg++ within 2 hrs before or 2 hrs after nitrofurantoin

Take with food/milk to ↑ absorption

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8
Q

Metronidazole

A

Contraindicated: Alcohol use during therapy and for 3 days following last dose

Metallic taste in mouth

Headache common adverse effect

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9
Q

Fluconazole

A

QTc prolongation occurs rarely, but possible interaction
with many different medications

Report any new skin rash to the prescriber

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10
Q

Valacyclovir

A

Headache common adverse effect

Does not prevent disease transmission [avoid sex when
sores are present]

Drink lots of fluids to prevent accumulation in kidneys

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11
Q

ethinyl estradiol products

A

Miss a dose: take as soon as possible or within next days’ dose (miss Monday, take 2 on Tuesday. If you miss 2 or more days, refer to package directions)

If OC not started day 1 of menses, use additional non-drug form of contraception first week of therapy

Take same time each day for maximum effectiveness

Some anti-convulsants (divalproex, lamotrigine) may decrease effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives and/or increase chance of seizures

None of the medications on this list protect against HIV/AIDS/STDs

Increased Cardiovascular Risk (DVT, PE, MI). Not recommended for those over 35 years old, smoker or history of stroke/blood clots

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12
Q

Ethinyl estradiol/norgestromin

A

Same side effect profile as oral contraceptives but more common

Adhesive my cause skin rash/rotate sites

Do not cut patch

Apply to butt, upper torso, stomach, upper arm

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13
Q

ethinyl estradiol/etonogestrel

A

If it falls out, rinse with cool water and re-insert within 3 hours

Don’t remove for intercourse

Ring is drug delivery device, not a barrier

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14
Q

medroxyprogesterone

A

Nervousness

Administration by healthcare professional

Don’t use more than 2 years due to potential bone loss

Spotting or absent menses may result

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15
Q

levonorgestrel

A

Same side effects as oral contraceptives but more common

Fatigue

No evidence of interaction with antibiotics

Will not terminate existing pregnancy

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16
Q

clonazapam

A

Drowsiness

Fatigue

Ataxia

Behavioral Problems

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17
Q

alprazolam

A

Confusion

Drowsiness

Excessive drowsiness with alcohol - avoid

Do not stop drug suddenly if taking routinely

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18
Q

cyclobenzaprine

A

Dry Mouth (aka xerostomia)

Dizziness

Drowsiness

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19
Q

loratadine

A

headache

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20
Q

diphenhydramine

A

drowsiness

alcohol intensifies drowsiness

paradoxical hyperactivity in children

dry mouth

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21
Q

fluticasone

A

gently shake before each use

may take several days for full effect

headache

sore throat

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22
Q

montelukast

A

don’t use for an acute asthma attack

headache

take dose in the evening to enhance efficacy: airways are more relaxed

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23
Q

albuterol sulfate

A

shake well

increased heart rate

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24
Q

budesonide and formoterol

A

Shake Well

Rinse out mouth after each use to prevent oral thrush

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25
benzonatate
Drowsiness Do not chew (numbing and choking)
26
dextromethorphan
shake well potential for abuse - hallucinogen in high dose
27
guaifenesin
drinks lots of water to thin mucus nausea
28
pseudoephrine
increased heart rate jitters insomnia
29
amphetamine/dextroamphetamine
take in the am due to insomnia weight loss from decreased appetite increases heart rate dry mouth headache
30
methylphenidate
take in the am due to insomnia weight loss from decreased appetite increases heart rate dry mouth headache
31
escitalopram
headache insomnia or drowsiness sexual dysfunction
32
venlafaxine
headache insomnia or drowsiness dry mouth take with food if upset stomach
33
fluoxetine
sexual dysfunciton anorexia diarrhea asthenia (lack of energy)
34
duloxetine
insomnia or drowsiness take with food if upset stomach
35
sertraline
headache insomnia > drowsiness take with food if upset stomach sexual dysfunction
36
amitriptyline
weight gain constipation
37
trazodone
drowsiness take with food to increase absorption
38
bupropion
insomnia begin one week before patient intends to quit smoking
39
ASA
stomach upset - possible bleed/ulceration take with food/milk take with water do not give to children <18 yo due to risk of reye's syndrome ringing in ears with high dose
40
ibuprofen, naproxen sodium, meloxicam
stomach upset (possible bleed/ulceration) take with food/milk avoid if history of heart problems
41
methylprednisolone
finish entire course take with food or milk to avoid stomach upset take earlier in the day to avoid insomnia
42
hydrocortisone
localized burning
43
acetaminophen
APAP in many OTC and Rx combo products do not treat hangovers with APAP due to liver toxicity
44
tramadol
constipation drowsiness dizziness
45
hydrocodone/apap
stomach upset constipation drowsiness consider other apap counseling tips
46
oxycodone
stomach upset constipation drowsiness do not crush or chew CR tablets
47
olanzapine
drowsiness weight gain increase blood sugar and/or cholesterol movement disorders (muscle restlessness, stiffness, spasms) decreased sex drive
48
quetiapine
drowsiness weight gain increased BP, tachycardia increased appetite dizziness
49
aripiprazole
drowsiness or insomnia weight gain movement disorders
50
topiramate
dizziness/drowsiness numbness/tingling memory impairment weight loss due to decreased appetite from nausea
51
pregabalin
drowsiness/dizziness headache blurred vision weight gain
52
gabapentin
drowsiness/dizziness uncoordinated muscle movements
53
lamotrigine
drowsiness/dizziness uncoordinated muscle movements headache blurred/double vision
54
divalproex sodium
drowsiness/dizziness tremor muscle weakness upset stomach, may take with food
55
zolpidem
take within 20 minutes of bedtime get >8 hours of rest, may cause next day drowsiness risk of abnormal sleep behaviors
56
temazepam
take drug right before you get into bed get > 8 hours of rest, may cause next day drowsiness headache
57
promethazine
drowsiness dizziness avoid alcohol due to enhanced drowsiness sun sensitivity
58
ondansetron
fatigue headache constipation or diarrhea
59
omeprazole
works in one day, up to four days for full effect food delays absorption so take > 1 hour before food separate from antacids by 2 hours
60
famotidine
works in one hour, up to 1 day for full effect can be taken with antacids
61
magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, simethicone
shake well works within minutes many drug-drug interactions constipation from aluminum diarrhea from magnesium and simethicone
62
calcium carbonate
constipation chew before swallowing do not use > 2 weeks for indigestion
63
docusate sodium
works in 1-3 days take with water diarrhea, cramps
64
polyethylene glycol
laxative works 1-3 days do not take laxative longer than 1 week without MD approval colon prep works in 1 hour diarrhea, cramps, bloating
65
bisacodyl
oral dose works in 8 hours suppository works within 15 to 60 minutes do not take longer than 1 week without md approval diarrhea, cramps
66
loperamide
drowsiness if diarrhea not improved in 2 days, call md due to dehydration risk
67
omega-3-fatty acids
burping and taste disturbances swallow whole; do not open refrigerate to reduce taste and smell
68
fenofibrate
increased liver enzymes discontinue if gallstones form photosensitivity
69
statins
increased liver enzymes report unusual muscle pain, tenderness, weakness, or dark urine –> rhabdomyolysis avoid grapefruit juice (increased drug concentration) contraindicated in pregnancy diarrhea
70
ezetimibe
increased liver enzymes diarrhea
71
insulin
low blood sugar (sweating, nausea, dizziness) refrigerate unopened vials discard after 28 days if at room temperature let syringe reach room temp prior to injection to avoid painful injection rotate injection sites
72
metformin
diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain take with food titrate dose up weekly (to reduce upset stomach, diarrhea) long term use can cause vitamin b-12 deficiency
73
dapagliflozin
urinary tract infection increased urine output decreased blood pressure
74
liraglutide
low blood sugar (sweating, nausea, dizziness) rotate injection sites diarrhea nausea headache
75
clopidogrel
avoid nsaids unless instructed due to increased bleeding risk seek medical attention for unusual or prolonged bleeding or bruising avoid abrupt discontinuation
76
warfarin
avoid nsaids unless instructed due to increased bleeding risk seek medical attention for unusual or prolonged bleeding or bruising avoid abrupt discontinuation keep dietary K and alcohol consumption consistent many drug interactions; discuss new meds with RPh take missed dose asap, but don’t double dose same day
77
rivaroxaban
seek medical attention for unusual or prolonged bleeding or bruising gastroenteritis vomiting cough (pediatric patients)
78
furosemide
sun sensitivity decreased electrolytes dizziness upon standing avoid taking at bedtime - increases urination
79
spironolactone
gynecomastia increased serum potassium diarrhea irregular menses
80
hydrochlorothiazide
sun sensitivity dizziness upon standing avoid taking at bedtime - increases urination
81
lisinopril
avoid during pregnancy dizziness dry cough headache increases serum potassium
82
losartan
avoid during pregnancy dizziness headache increases serum potassium
83
amlodipine
leg swelling (edema) headache
84
metoprolol
dizziness fatigue (goes away within 7 days) take with food (better absorption) lowers heart rate do not discontinue medication abruptly –> increased cardiovascular risk
85
levothyroxine
take with water at least 30 minutes before breakfast to increase absorption take the same way every day take >4 hours apart from antacids may take several weeks to see symptoms improve
86
tamsulosin
take 30 minutes after the same meal each day to increase absorption orthostatic hypotension headache dizziness
87
tolterodine
constipation dry mouth headache
88
donepezil
nausea diarrhea risk of stomach bleed with nsaids prolonged qt interval
89
alendronate
take 30 min before breakfast to increase absorption ensure adequate calcium and vitamin d intake take with 8 ox of water and remain upright for 30 min report heartburn or bone pain to physician
90
allopurinol
report rash to prescriber if it occurs may cause nausea and/or diarrhea gout attacks may be more frequent in early therapy
91
oseltamivir
nausea/vomiting headache does not replace flu vaccine must initiate within 48 hours of onset of symptoms
92
ferrous sulfate
best absorbed on empty stomach but take with food if stomach upset occurs separate 2 hours before or after other medications black stools constipation common
93
sumatriptan
tingling, dizziness common avoid if history of cardiovascular disease overuse (more than 10 days per month) may worsen or increase frequency of headaches
94
tadalafil
do not take more than one daily avoid alcohol due to risk of low blood pressure avoid grapefruit juice or lower dose/frequency of tadalafil use headache and flushing report sudden loss of hearing or vision and discontinue use

PHRM 822 Medications List (17 decks)

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