Punishments 1750-1900

Question 1

Why was transportation abolished? (3 points)

Answer 1

Cost more than sending to prison, and more prisons had been built (less overcrowding).
Settlers in Australia were complaining, and no longer needed labourers.
Wages were higher than Britain and many criminals stayed there.

Question 2

Changes in prisons in 1800s (4 points)

Answer 2

1823 Gaols act - Gaolers paid, prison inspections, had a doctor
John Howard - imrpove sanitation/cleanliness
Elizabeth Fry - education to reform
To reform - silent and separate, did work

Question 3

Government reaction to Peterloo (3 points)

Answer 3

Soldiers sent in to arrest leaders - were violent, caused injuries and death.
New laws passed - banning unauthorised meetings.
Increased punishments for criticising government.

Question 4

Government reaction to Tolpuddle Martyrs (3 points)

Answer 4

Arrested for secret oaths.
Transported to Australia.
Forced to released after marches/petitions.

Question 5

Why was transportation used? (4 points)

Answer 5

It completely removed the criminal from society.
Prisons were overcrowded.
Needed labourers to help Britain colonise Australia.
Death penalty too harsh.

Question 6

How were prisons used as a deterrent in 19th century? (3 points)

Answer 6

Silent system
Hard labour/ pointless labour
Corporal punishment

Question 7

How were prisons used to reform in 20th century? (3 points)

Answer 7

Separate and silent system - time to reflect, couldn’t share tips.
Useful labour - could work when released.
Education.

Question 8

Why was public hanging abolished? (3 points)

Answer 8

Created opportunities for crime.
Wasn’t a deterrent.
Opportunities for riots, criminal escaping.