punishment and rewards

Question 1

Is punishing the same as influencing?

Answer 1

no, punishing someone does not automatically mean you can influence them

Question 2

Formalized sanctions

Answer 2

General rules that apply to everyone (grants, taxes)

Question 3

Why can we use sanctions?

Answer 3

• to motivate people that are not intrinsically motivated
• to attain collective goals
• to make people comply to goals/rules/norms

Question 4

What are Public Goods Games used for?

Answer 4

To study why people cooperate or not

Question 5

What happens if you contribute to the community and others defects (public goods game)

Answer 5

you can lose something

Question 6

Frree-rider

Answer 6

if everyone cooperates except one person, this person profits without cooperating

Question 7

Cooperating can’t be explained by

Answer 7

• reciprocity
• reputation
• evolutionary theory

Question 8

If a person free-rides, what happens in the next round of the public goods game?

Answer 8

people coorperate less

Question 9

What happens when punishments are installed in the public goods game?

Answer 9

cooperation increases

Question 10

What type of punishment is a punishment during a public goods game?

Answer 10

informal, decentralized and self-organised

Question 11

What works better for enhancing cooperation: punishment or rewards (in social dilemma game)

Answer 11

they both work, medium effect size for both

Question 12

Is it a social dilemma when there are rewards?

Answer 12

No, it is not really about the two basic choices (self interest versus collective interest) anymore

Question 13

What happens to the level of cooperation when participants are in pluriform (diverse) groups?

Answer 13

Cooperation drops because of the ingroup versus outgroup feeling

Question 14

What are the differences in punishment for ingroup and outgroup?

Answer 14

Outgroup members are punished more severely and more frequently

Question 15

Can rewards have negative effect on intrinsic motivation?

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

What types of reward do not have a negative effect on intrinsic motivaton?

Answer 16

• positive feedback

- unexpected and not task contingent rewards

Question 17

What is the effect of rewards on extrinsic motivation?

Answer 17

Extrinsic motivation can increase, people make choices because of the reward

Question 18

What happens when you remove a sanction system?

Answer 18

Cooperation drops because people do not trust that others are internally motivated to cooperate

Question 19

What happens when you add moral appeals to social dilemmas?

Answer 19

Cooperation increases, even after the moral appeal is ‘removed’

Question 20

As what kind of decision is a social dilemma perceived?

Answer 20

As an ethical decision

Question 21

As what kind of decision is a social dilemma + weak punishment system perceived?

Answer 21

As a business decision (cost versus benefits)

Question 22

What can happen when you add a punishment to a dilemma?

Answer 22

There can be an oppositie effect, it makes it feel like a business decision, people cooperate less because of it

Question 23

What happens when a third option is added in social dilemmas?

Answer 23

The collective outcome may be worse, less people cooperate

Question 24

2 motives to punish

Answer 24

1. detterence motives

2. just-deserts motives

Question 25

Deterrence motives

Answer 25

aim to deter future rule-breaking from all individuals through the installment of punishment (often done publicly)

Question 26

Just-deserts motives

Answer 26

aim to achieve retributive justice by retroactively and proportionally punishing individual rule breakers (more fair and more private)

Question 27

What kind of motive is mostly the one that guides punishments?

Answer 27

just-desert motives

Question 28

Why do people in power use more deterrence motives for punishement?

Answer 28

Because they have more distrust (trust increases the vulnerability to potentially losing power to others)

Question 29

What kind of motive for punishment do employees prefer?

Answer 29

just-desert motives

Question 30

Do people prefer to punish or to reward?

Answer 30

People rather reward (cooperation) than punish (free-riding)

Question 31

What is the effect of responsibility on punishing?

Answer 31

People that are individually responsible for punishment punish less