Basics of leadership

Question 1

Leadership

Answer 1

a process of social influence in which one is able to enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a task (leadership gives you power, power does not make you a leader)

Question 2

two behaviours that are effective for leaders

Answer 2

1. consideration

2. initiation of structure (task related behaviour)

Question 3

Country club management

Answer 3

high consideration + low concern for results

Question 4

improverished management

Answer 4

low consideration + low concern for results

Question 5

produce/perish management

Answer 5

low consideration + high concern for results

Question 6

team management

Answer 6

high consideration + high concern for results

Question 7

middle of the road management

Answer 7

average consideration + average concern for results

Question 8

contigency approach of leadership

Answer 8

leadership will lead to good performance, depending on the situation

Question 9

romance of leadership

Answer 9

if an organisation is doing really well, it is attributed to the leader, the leader gets the credits

Question 10

Are male and female leaders similar?

Answer 10

They are very similar, if you correct for the level of hierarchy the differences disappear most of the times. But, the reactions to male/female leaders differ.

Question 11

Social identity theory

Answer 11

• People are groep members
• Part of someone’s identity is based on group membership
• People want to feel good about themselves/their group
• People perceive in-group and out-group and they favour in-group

Question 12

4 key rules to effective leadership (social identity research)

Answer 12

Leaders need to be:

1. in group prototypes
2. in group champions
3. entrepreneurs of identity
4. embedders of identity

Question 13

3 R’s of leadership

Answer 13

Reflecting
Representing
Realizing

Question 14

Why are more prototypical leaders more effective?

Answer 14

Due to higher levels in trust in them

Question 15

Why can a prototypical leader make more mistakes?

Answer 15

Due to higher levels of trust (license to fail)

Question 16

Glass cliff

Answer 16

When organizations are in a crisis they prefer a female leader (problematic because higher chance to fail). When performances are improving there is no difference in the preference for a male or female leader.

Question 17

5 Types of power

Answer 17

• legitamite power
• reward power
• expert power
• referent power
• coercive power

Question 18

legitamite power

Answer 18

power because of your position in society or the organisation (queen)

Question 19

reward power

Answer 19

power because you can reward (parents)

Question 20

expert power

Answer 20

power because you have expert knowledge about something

Question 21

referent power

Answer 21

power because you can influence people about how they feel about themselves (social media influencers)

Question 22

Contingency between leader and context

Answer 22

the leader needs to show certain behaviour depending on the situation

Question 23

transformational leadersihp

Answer 23

leadership at the outcome level (dependent variable), charismatic and idealized influence, inspirtational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individualised consideration (attend to their followers needs)

Question 24

transactional leadership

Answer 24

• contingent reward
• management by exception active
• management by exception passive

Question 25

contingent reward (transactional leadership)

Answer 25

constructive transactions, ‘if you do this for me, I will do that for you’

Question 26

management by exception active (transactional leadership)

Answer 26

corrective action before serious problems arise

Question 27

management by exception passive

Answer 27

corrective action after problems have arisen

Question 28

laissez-faire leadership

Answer 28

no involvement/intention to motivate/recognition of needs, can lead to conflict with co-workers, role conflict and role ambiguity, this can lead to bullying, what can lead to distress

Question 29

What types of leadership have overlap?

Answer 29

transformational leadership and contingent reward

Question 30

What types of leadership are good for leadership performance?

Answer 30

transformational leadership and contingent reward

Question 31

What types of leadership are bad for leadership performance?

Answer 31

Laissez-fare and passive management by exception

Question 32

Destructive leadership behaviour

Answer 32

The leader violates the interest of the organisation (undermining and sabotaging goals, tasks and resources) and the wellbeing and job satisfaction of the subordinate.

Question 33

4 types of destructive leadership

Answer 33

laissez faire, tyrannical, derailed and supportive-disloyal

Question 34

tyrannical leadership

Answer 34

pro-organisation + anti-subordinate = humiliating, belitteling, manipulation, focus on task completion, can lead to good performances

Question 35

derailed leadership

Answer 35

anti organisation (absenteeism, fraud etc.) + anti-subordinate = absenteeism

Question 36

supportive-disloyal leadership

Answer 36

anti organisation + pro-subordinate = granting the subordinates more benefits than obligated at the cost of the organisation but being considerate for the subordinates

Question 37

Leadership type that is good for the subordinate and the organisation

Answer 37

Constructive leadership

Question 38

Constructive leadership

Answer 38

pro-subordinate + pro organisation = concerned for welfare of subordinates while simultaneously being focused on goal attainment and the effective use of resources in the service of the legitimate interest of the organisation

Question 39

Coercive power

Answer 39

the power to applicate negative influences onto employees or people with low power (threats, social exclusion) –> bullies, dictator