Basics of leadership Flashcards
Leadership
a process of social influence in which one is able to enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a task (leadership gives you power, power does not make you a leader)
two behaviours that are effective for leaders
- consideration
2. initiation of structure (task related behaviour)
Country club management
high consideration + low concern for results
improverished management
low consideration + low concern for results
produce/perish management
low consideration + high concern for results
team management
high consideration + high concern for results
middle of the road management
average consideration + average concern for results
contigency approach of leadership
leadership will lead to good performance, depending on the situation
romance of leadership
if an organisation is doing really well, it is attributed to the leader, the leader gets the credits
Are male and female leaders similar?
They are very similar, if you correct for the level of hierarchy the differences disappear most of the times. But, the reactions to male/female leaders differ.
Social identity theory
- People are groep members
- Part of someone’s identity is based on group membership
- People want to feel good about themselves/their group
- People perceive in-group and out-group and they favour in-group
4 key rules to effective leadership (social identity research)
Leaders need to be:
- in group prototypes
- in group champions
- entrepreneurs of identity
- embedders of identity
3 R’s of leadership
Reflecting
Representing
Realizing
Why are more prototypical leaders more effective?
Due to higher levels in trust in them
Why can a prototypical leader make more mistakes?
Due to higher levels of trust (license to fail)
Glass cliff
When organizations are in a crisis they prefer a female leader (problematic because higher chance to fail). When performances are improving there is no difference in the preference for a male or female leader.
5 Types of power
- legitamite power
- reward power
- expert power
- referent power
- coercive power
legitamite power
power because of your position in society or the organisation (queen)
reward power
power because you can reward (parents)
expert power
power because you have expert knowledge about something
referent power
power because you can influence people about how they feel about themselves (social media influencers)
Contingency between leader and context
the leader needs to show certain behaviour depending on the situation
transformational leadersihp
leadership at the outcome level (dependent variable), charismatic and idealized influence, inspirtational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individualised consideration (attend to their followers needs)
transactional leadership
- contingent reward
- management by exception active
- management by exception passive
contingent reward (transactional leadership)
constructive transactions, ‘if you do this for me, I will do that for you’
management by exception active (transactional leadership)
corrective action before serious problems arise
management by exception passive
corrective action after problems have arisen
laissez-faire leadership
no involvement/intention to motivate/recognition of needs, can lead to conflict with co-workers, role conflict and role ambiguity, this can lead to bullying, what can lead to distress
What types of leadership have overlap?
transformational leadership and contingent reward
What types of leadership are good for leadership performance?
transformational leadership and contingent reward
What types of leadership are bad for leadership performance?
Laissez-fare and passive management by exception
Destructive leadership behaviour
The leader violates the interest of the organisation (undermining and sabotaging goals, tasks and resources) and the wellbeing and job satisfaction of the subordinate.
4 types of destructive leadership
laissez faire, tyrannical, derailed and supportive-disloyal
tyrannical leadership
pro-organisation + anti-subordinate = humiliating, belitteling, manipulation, focus on task completion, can lead to good performances
derailed leadership
anti organisation (absenteeism, fraud etc.) + anti-subordinate = absenteeism
supportive-disloyal leadership
anti organisation + pro-subordinate = granting the subordinates more benefits than obligated at the cost of the organisation but being considerate for the subordinates
Leadership type that is good for the subordinate and the organisation
Constructive leadership
Constructive leadership
pro-subordinate + pro organisation = concerned for welfare of subordinates while simultaneously being focused on goal attainment and the effective use of resources in the service of the legitimate interest of the organisation
Coercive power
the power to applicate negative influences onto employees or people with low power (threats, social exclusion) –> bullies, dictator
