Punishment

Question 1

2 justifications of punishment

Answer 1

• reduction

- Retribution

Question 2

How does punishment reduce crime?

Answer 2

Deters and Rehabilitates

Question 3

Durkheim (Functionalist Explaination)

Answer 3

the role of prison is to uphold social soladarity and reinforce shared values, punishment expresses societies moral outrage.

Proposes 2 ways of justice -

• retributive (traditional, very expressive, harmful)
• restitutive (modern, aims to bring society back to what it was before.)

Question 4

Counters for Durkheim

Answer 4

Traditional society was never retributive as people often settled debts with money not violence.

Question 5

Marxist view of punishment

Answer 5

Role of punishment:

• maintain social order
• used as a Repressive State Apparatus to defend R/C property.

Thompson - Hangings was a rule of terror.

Question 6

Melossi and Pavarini

Answer 6

W/C pay with ‘time’ as cant afford money.

Question 7

Prison today

Answer 7

most severe punishment apart from death

However not worked to rehab as 2/3 reoffend

Question 8

Populist Punitiveness

Answer 8

Politicians call for more serious punishments to get more voters. Very Right Realist/Conservative

Question 9

1997 New Labour

Answer 9

Called for harsher punishments, as a result from 1993-2016, prison population has doubled.

Question 10

Women in prison

Answer 10

Only account for 5%, 95% of inmates are male.

Question 11

Transcarceration

Answer 11

Individuals become locked into a cycle of control, in and out of prison throughout life.

e.g. care, juvy, prison, mental asylum.

Question 12

Alternatives to crime

Answer 12

things such as tag, curfews etc to stop people going into prison.

Cohen says this casts more control over more people as more can be punished with this.

however many say these policies make it worse and fast track people into prison, may be due to labelling etc