Punishment Flashcards
What is differential reinforcement?
Differential reinforcement is an effect alternative to punishment that combines non-reinforcement (extinction) of an unwanted behavior and reinforcement of another behavior.
What are the three kinds of differential reinforcement?
The three kinds of differential reinforcement are DRA, DRI, and DRL.
Define “DRA”.
“DRA” stands for differential reinforcement of alternative behavior, wherein reinforcement is made available for a specified alternative to the unwanted behavior.
Define “DRI”.
“DRI” stands for differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior, wherein reinforcement is provided for a behavior that is incompatible with the unwanted behavior.
Define “DRL”.
“DRL” stands for differential reinforcement of low rate, wherein reinforcement is provided for a behavior, but only if it occurs at a low rate.
Differentiate between positive and negative punishment.
Positive punishment involves the addition or increase of a stimulus following a behavior, while negative punishment involves the subtraction or decrease of a stimulus following a behavior. Positive punishment could be something like spanking, and negative punishment could be a fine.
What variables affect punishment?
Contingency, contiguity, punisher intensity, introductory level of punishment, availability for reinforcers, and motivating operations.
What are the two theories of punishment?
One process theory and two process theory.
What is the two-process theory of punishment?
The two-process theory says that punishment involves both pavlovian and operant procedures. For example, if a rat is shocked when it presses a lever, the lever becomes a CS for fear, and the lever becomes an aversive. A rat may escape this aversive by moving away from the lever, an operant condition.
What is the one-process theory of punishment?
The one-process theory says only operant learning is involved in punishment. It argues that punishment weakens behavior in the same way that reinforcement strengthens it. High probability behavior reinforces low probability behavior, and low probability behavior punishes high probability behavior.
What are some problems with punishment?
Punishment can cause escape, aggression, apathy, abuse, and imitation.
Define punishment.
Punishment is wherein a stimulus immediately follows a response and decreases the likelihood of that response class under similar conditions in the future.
