Pavlovian Conditioning

Question 1

backward conditioning

Answer 1

behavior conditioning method where the US is presented before an NS (not effective)

Question 2

blocking

Answer 2

where prior experience w/ part of a compound stimulus makes learning a compound stimulus difficult- was paired w/ US prior to compound

Question 3

classical conditioning

Answer 3

US -> UR
NS + US -> UR
CS -> CR

Question 4

compensatory response theory

Answer 4

where a conditional response prepares the animal for the unconditional stimulus by compensating for its effects- example of rats overdosing in novel environments

Question 5

compound stimulus

Answer 5

a conditional stimulus where has two or more stimuli (light & tone)

Question 6

conditional reflex

Answer 6

a reflex acquired through experience, relatively impermanent

Question 7

conditional response (CR)

Answer 7

behavior evoked by a conditional stimulus

Question 8

conditional stimulus (CS)

Answer 8

previously neutral stimulus that is associated w/ a US to eventually elicit the response itself

Question 9

contiguity

Answer 9

refers to closeness in time or space between two events

Question 10

contingency

Answer 10

if-then statement explaining that “x only occurs if y occurs”; x is contingent upon y

Question 11

delay conditioning

Answer 11

when the CS and US overlap

Question 12

extinction

Answer 12

procedure of repeatedly presenting the CS alone (no US)- the CR is extinguished

Question 13

higher-order conditioning

Answer 13

procedure of pairing a neutral stimulus with a well-established conditional stimulus

Question 14

interstimulus interval (ISI)

Answer 14

refers to interval between CS and US

Question 15

intertrial interval

Answer 15

gap between successive trials, which affects rate of conditioning

Question 16

preparatory response theory

Answer 16

theory that the UR is an innate response designed to deal w/ a US, but the CR is a response designed to prepare for US

Question 17

latent inhibition

Answer 17

phenomenon where the appearance of a stimulus without the US interferes with the ability of that stimulus to become a CS later (playing metronome to dogs with no presentation of the meat)

Question 18

overshadowing

Answer 18

phenomenon where one stimulus overshadows another, and the overshadowed stimulus does not go unnoticed, but interferes w/ its ability to become a CS (weak light, strong tone)

Question 19

pseudoconditioning

Answer 19

a phenomenon where the tendency of a neutral stimulus is to elicit a conditional response after a US has elicited a reflex response

Question 20

rescorla-wagner model

Answer 20

argues there is a limit to the amount of conditioning that can occur in the pairing of two stimuli

Question 21

sensory preconditioning

Answer 21

phenomenon where a stimulus elicits a conditional response even though it has never been paired with the US

Question 22

simultaneous recovery

Answer 22

the reappearance of a conditional response after extinction

Question 23

stimulus substitution theory

Answer 23

theory that the conditional stimulus merely substitutes for the unconditional stimulus in evoking the reflex response

Question 24

test trial

Answer 24

involves presenting the CS alone periodically, a way to test for conditioning in situations where the CS onset and the appearance of the US is very short

Question 25

trace conditioning

Answer 25

when the CS begins and ends before the US appears; CS leaves neutral trace

Question 26

unconditional reflex

Answer 26

reflexes that are largely inborn and permanent; occur more or less unconditionally

Question 27

unconditional response (UR)

Answer 27

behavior a US triggers

Question 28

unconditional stimulus (US)

Answer 28

stimulus that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response