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Engineer Test > Pump Manual > Flashcards

Pump Manual Flashcards

1
Q

Atmospheric Pressure

A

Pressure exerted by the atmosphere at the surface of the earth due to the weight of air. At sea level it is 14.7 psi.

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2
Q

BTU

A

British Thermal Unit: a unit of energy needed to cool or heat one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.

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3
Q

Freeman’s Formula

A

Determines flow from solid bore nozzles and solid stream orifices such as a hydrant port.

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4
Q

Equation for determining GPM from a solid bore

A

GPM = 29.7 x D squared x Square Root of NP (80 or 50)

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5
Q

Eductor Rate

A

Class B: 3% for hydrocarbons, 6% for polar solvents. Class A: 0.1%-1.0% based on situational need

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6
Q

Flow Pressure

A

aka Velocity Pressure. Pressure created by the rate of flow or velocity of water coming from a discharge. Measured using a pitot gauge.

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7
Q

Head Pressure

A

Pressure generated by the weight of a column of water above the pump. For every 1-foot increase in elevation, .434 psi is gained.

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8
Q

Master Stream

A

A large caliber hose stream capable of flowing 350 GPM or more.

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9
Q

Maximum Lift

A

The height a pumper in good condition can be expected to lift water at draft. Generally considered 2/3 of theoretical lift, or between 22 and 25 feet.

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10
Q

Maximum Dependable Flow

A

75% of the total capacity of an engine. This is the maximum flow for an engine during a relay operation (NFPA standard).

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11
Q

NFF

A

Needed Fire Flow. The amount of water needed to control the fire within 1 minute.

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12
Q

Net PDP

A

Net Pump Discharge Pressure. The actual amount of pressure being produced by the pump. Net PDP = discharge pressure - incoming supply pressure.

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13
Q

Reasonable Efficiency

A

Term to describe the percentage of water that is actually converted to steam when applied to a fire. The accepted amount is 80% of water will be converted to steam and 20% will be wasted.

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14
Q

Residual Pressure

A

Pressure at the test hydrant while water is flowing. Represents the pressure remaining in the water system while the test water is flowing and is that part of the total pressure that is not used to overcome friction or gravity while forcing water through the hose, etc.

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15
Q

Static Pressure

A

The stored potential energy available to force water through pipes, fittings, fire hose, and adaptors while water is at rest.

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16
Q

Theoretical Lift

A

Theoretical, scientific height that a column of water may be lifted by atmospheric pressure in a true vacuum; at sea level it is considered 33.9 feet.

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17
Q

Type 1 or Class A pumper

A

A centrifugal pump that delivers 100% of its capacity at 150 psi, 70% at 200 psi, and 50% at 250 psi as measured from draft lifting water higher than 10 feet.

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18
Q

1 gallon contains how many cubic inches?

A

231

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19
Q

1 cubic foot of water weighs how much?

A

62.5 lbs

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20
Q

1 cubic foot contains how many gallons?

A

7.48 gallons

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21
Q

1 gallon of water weighs how much?

A

8.34 lbs

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22
Q

A column 1 foot high exerts how much pressure at the base?

A

.434 psi

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23
Q

1 psi will raise a column of water how high?

A

2.304 feet

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24
Q

Doubling the velocity of water through hose will have what effect?

A

Quadruple the friction loss

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25
Q

A perfect vacuum is what?

A

About 30” Hg

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26
Q

A perfect vacuum will raise water how high?

A

33.9 feet

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27
Q

One gallon of water will absorb how many BTU’s?

A

9343 BTU

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28
Q

1 BTU means what?

A

The heat required to raise 1 lb of water 1 degree F

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29
Q

1 cubic foot of water expands how much at 212 degrees F?

A

1700 cubic feet of steam

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30
Q

Iowa formula for estimating GPM needed to control a fire.

A

GPM = Cubic feet involved / 100 (Used with legacy fuels)

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31
Q

NFF calculation

A

NFF = length x width / 3 x % involved.

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32
Q

Average output of burning material in a room.

A

8000-16000 BTU per pound.

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33
Q

Principle 1 of water: Fluid pressure is ________ to any surface on which it acts.

A

Perpendicular

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34
Q

Principle 2 of water: When a fluid is at rest, fluid pressure is ________ in all directions

A

The same

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35
Q

Principle 3 of water: When there is an increase in pressure at any point in a confined fluid, there is _________ at every other point in the container

A

An equal increase

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36
Q

Principle 4 of water: The downward pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is ________ to its depth

A

Proportional

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37
Q

Principle 5 of water: The downward pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is _________ to its density

A

Proportional

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38
Q

Principle 6 of water: The downward pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is ___________ by the shape of the container.

A

Not affected

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39
Q

Flow Pressure

A

The measurement of water coming from a discharge opening. The pressure shown on a pump discharge gauge when water is flowing. Can also be determined using a pitot gauge.

40
Q

Normal Operating Pressure

A

The pressure in a water system during normal consumption demands. The difference between static pressure and normal operating pressure is caused by friction loss within the system.

41
Q

Static Pressure

A

The measurement of water when it is at rest or not moving through hose.

42
Q

How many gallons in 100’ 1 3/4” hose?

A

12.5 gallons

43
Q

How many gallons in 100’ 2 1/2” hose?

A

26 gallons

44
Q

How many gallons in 100’ 4” hose?

A

65 gallons

45
Q

How many gallons in 100’ 5” hose?

A

102 gallons

46
Q

Max gpm through a hand line nozzle

A

350 gpm

47
Q

Solid bore hand line nozzle pressure

A

50 psi

48
Q

Solid bore master stream nozzle pressure

A

80 psi

49
Q

Automatic fog nozzle

A

Have the capability to flow water at varying GPM while maintaining a constant nozzle pressure

50
Q

Piercing Nozzle gpm and pressure

A

125 gpm, 100 psi

51
Q

Cellar Nozzle gpm and pressure

A

250 gpm, 100 psi

52
Q

Chimney Nozzle gpm and pressure

A

1-3 gpm, 100 psi

53
Q

Master Stream Foam Nozzle gpm and pressure

A

350 gpm, 100 psi

54
Q

Nozzle Reaction for Fog Nozzles Equation

A

NR = .0505 x Q x square root of NP

55
Q

Nozzle Reaction for Smooth Bore Nozzles

A

NR = 1.57 x D squared x NP

56
Q

Horizontal Reach

A

A stream that has a discharge angle of 45 degrees or less

57
Q

Vertical Reach

A

A stream that has a discharge angle of 45 degrees or more

58
Q

Greatest horizontal reach is obtained at what angle?

A

32 degrees

59
Q

What causes pressure loss in fire hose?

A

90% is turbulence, 5-10% is friction

60
Q

Principle 1 of friction loss: Friction loss varies ______ with the length of the hose.

A

Directly

61
Q

Principle 2 of friction loss: Double the velocity = ______ the friction loss

A

Quadruple

62
Q

Principle 3 of friction loss: For the same discharge, FL varies _______ of the diameter of the hose

A

Inversely as the fifth power

63
Q

Principle 4 of friction loss: For a given velocity flow, friction loss is _______ regardless of the pressure on the water.

A

Approximately the same

64
Q

Hose Multipliers for Q squared method

A

1 3/4” = x10, 2 1/2” = x2, 4” = /5, 5” = /20

65
Q

How is elevation loss or gain calculated?

A

0.5 psi for every foot of elevation lost or gained.

66
Q

AFL in standpipe piping if less than 350 gpm

A

10 psi

67
Q

AFL in standpipe piping if more than 350 gpm

A

25 psi

68
Q

AFL for foam eductor

A

50 psi

69
Q

AFL for appliances (wyes, siamese, and manifolds) if more than 350 gpm

A

10 psi

70
Q

AFL for master streams (ladder pipes, deck guns, ground monitors)

A

25 psi

71
Q

Starting PDP for sprinkler systems

A

150 psi

72
Q

How much gpm does an open sprinkler head require?

A

20 gpm

73
Q

Sprinklers are annually tested to what pressure?

A

175 psi

74
Q

Class 1 standpipe system

A

2 1/2” outlets for firefighting

75
Q

Class 2 standpipe system

A

1 1/2” hose outlets for occupant use

76
Q

Class 3 standpipe system

A

Combination standpipe, integrates class 1 and 2 into one system

77
Q

Pump to which floor for standpipe PDP?

A

Highest floor

78
Q

Two parallel lines will have ______ the friction loss of a single line with the same diameter, length, and GPM flow.

A

1/4

79
Q

Two types of relay pumping operations

A

Constant pressure relay and Maximum distance relay

80
Q

Constant pressure relay

A

All engines in relay set PDP to same pressure, attack engine leaves an unused discharge port open to handle the excess water not being used

81
Q

Maximum distance relay

A

Determine how far a predetermined amount of water can be pumped through a particular size hose

82
Q

Max net PDP for relay pumping

A

180 psi (250 psi pump rating - 50 psi safety - 20 psi intake residual)

83
Q

Number of pumpers needed in a relay equation

A

Total distance of relay / maximum distance + 1

84
Q

Application Rates for Class-A Foam

A

0.5% Fire Attack. 0.2% Overhaul. 1.0% Defensive Coatings. 0.1-0.2% Wildland Pre-treating Structures

85
Q

Application Rate for Class-B Foam

A

3% Hydrocarbons. 6% Polar Solvents.

86
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Flammable liquids that float on and will not mix with water (gasoline, diesel, heptane, kerosene)

87
Q

Polar Solvents

A

Flammable liquids that will mix with water (ketones, esters, alcohol)

88
Q

Novacool

A

Class AB Foam can be used on Class A, B, D, K, and 3D fires. Known as a “Universal Extinguishing Agent”.

89
Q

Application Rates for Novacool

A

0.4% Fire Attack. 0.1% Overhaul and Brush Fires

90
Q

Average fire load of a typical bedroom

A

4.3 lbs/ft2

91
Q

How is theoretical lift calculated

A

14.7 X 2.304 = 33.9

92
Q

Velocity

A

Speed at which water travels through fire hose - measured in feet per second (FPS)

93
Q

What does 1 inch of Mercury on the vacuum gauge indicate?

A

1.13 feet a column of water can be lifted (30 inches x 1.13 = 33.9 feet of life)

94
Q

Pumpers in good condition can be expected to develop a vacuum of _____ inches of Mercury

A

22 inches Hg. (22 in Hg x 1.13 feet = 25 feet of lift)

95
Q

Equation for Horizontal Reach of a Solid Stream

A

Distance = 1/2 x NP + 26 (+5 for every 1/8” increase over 3/4”)

96
Q

AFL for elevated master stream

A

25 psi for elevated master stream, 25 psi for waterway piping

97
Q

Maximum distance between pumpers equation

A

165/FL x 100

Engineer Test (12 decks)

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