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Pance Prep > Pulmonology > Flashcards

Pulmonology Flashcards

1
Q

describe low V:Q ratio

A

low ventilation with increased/normal perfusion

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2
Q

describe high V:Q ratio

A

are with decreased perfusion compared to ventilation

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3
Q

central chemoreceptors in the ___?

A

medulla

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4
Q

peripheral chemoreceptors in the ___ and ___

A

carotid and aortic bodies

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5
Q

volume of air in/out of lungs during normal breathing

A

TV

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6
Q

volume of air in lungs after maximal exhalation

A

residual volume

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7
Q

volume of air that can be forced out at the end of expiration

A

expiratory reserve volume

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8
Q

volume of air that can be further inhaled at the end of inhalation

A

inspiratory reserve volume

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9
Q

max volume of air that can be exhaled after max inspiration

A

Vital capacity (IRV + TV + ERV)

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10
Q

volume of air in lungs after max inspiration

A

total lung capacity (VC + RV)

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11
Q

volume of air that can be exhaled at the and of 1 sec forced expiration

A

FEV1

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12
Q

volume of air that can be expelled from max inflated lung with pt breathing as hard and fast as possible

A

FVC

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13
Q

MC causes of bronchiactasis

A

CF (pseudomonas)

H. influenza

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14
Q

MC cause of massive hemoptysis

A

bronchiactasis

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15
Q

lab study findings in pt with sarcoidosis

A

increased ACE

Hypercalcemia

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16
Q

tx of sarcoidosis

A

steroids
methotrexate (if steroid resistant)
hydroxychloroquin (chronic disfiguring features)

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17
Q

egg shell calcification at hilum

nodular opacities in upper lobes

A

silicosis

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18
Q

small upper lobe nodules
hyperinflation
caplan syndrome (pneumoconiosis + RA)

A

coal workers lung (black lung)

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19
Q

works in electronics, aerospace, ceramics or tool/dye manufacturing

A

berylliosis

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20
Q

cotton exposure

A

byssinosis

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21
Q

bronchogenic carcinoma

malignant mesothelioma os pleura

A

asbestosis

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22
Q

PNA, fever, HA in a person who has been working with birds

A

Psittacosis (chlamydophila psittaci)

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23
Q

tumor originating from the pleura

A

mesothelioma

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24
Q

acute inflammation of the costochondral, costosternal oor sternoclavicular joints that is worse with breathing, coughing and upper limb movements

A

costochondritis & Tietze syndrome

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25
Q

gold standard tx for pleural effusion

A

thoracentesis

chest tube if empyema + IV abx

26
Q

meds used for pleurodesis

A

talc
doxy
bleo (toxic so not used as commonly)

27
Q

pink-purple well vascularized central tumor that may secrete serotonin, ATCH, ADH, MSH

A

bronchial carcinoid tumors

28
Q

MC ca caused by smoking and found in the periphery of lung

A

adenocarcinoma

29
Q

centrally located lung CA associated with cavitary lesions, hypercalcemia, pancoast syndrome (

A

squamous cell

30
Q

very aggressive form of non-small call lung CA

A

large cell (anaplastic)

31
Q

centrally located lung CA with early metastasis

A

small cell

32
Q

what endocrine abnormalities are common with small cell lung CA

A

SIADH

hyponatremia

33
Q

gold standard for dx pulm htn

A

R sided heart catheterization

34
Q

gram + cocci, mc cause of CAP with rusty sputum

A

strepococcus pneumoniae

35
Q

gram negative rods

2nd MC cause of CAP (esp with lung dz)

A

haemophilus influenzae

36
Q

MC cause of atypical pna, associated with bullous myringitis

A

mycoplasma pna

37
Q

PNA + GI sxs (increased LFTs, N/V/D)
associated with contaminated water supply

tx?

A

legionella

levofloxacin, azithromycin

38
Q

gram + cocci in clusters

Pna that usualyl occurs after viral illness

A

staph aureus

39
Q

gram - rods
upper lobe PNA associated with ETOHics
currant felly sputum

Tx?

A

klebsiella

cefotaxime

40
Q

organisms associated with aspiration PNA

Tx?

A

anaerobes

clinda, metro, amox/clav

41
Q

gram - rods

immunocompromised

A

pseudomonas

42
Q

MC cause of viral PNA in children

A

RSV

43
Q

MC cause of viral pNA in adults

A

influenza

44
Q

fungal/parasite pna in immunocompromised host who desats with ambulation

Tx?

A

pneumocystis jirovecii

Bactrim

45
Q

MC cause of hospital acquired PNA

A

pseudomonas

46
Q

PNA associated with hoarsness

tx?

A

chlamydial

erythromycin

47
Q

CAP outpt Tx

A

macrolide or doxy

FQ for those with comorbidities

48
Q

CAP inpt Tx

A

B lactam + macrolide

or FQ

49
Q

CAP in ICU tx

A

B lactam + macrolide

or B lactam + FQ

50
Q

HAP tx

A

antipsudomonal B lactam and AG or FQ

  • vanc for MRSA
  • levo or azithro for legionella
51
Q

gold standard TB test

A

acid-fast smear + sputum cx

52
Q

when is CXR used for TB

A

to exclude active TB and as yearly screen for Pts with known + PPD or active TB

53
Q

how long is TB tx performed

A

6 months

54
Q

TB med with orange color secretions and thrombocytopenia

A

rifampin

55
Q

TB med associated with hepatitis and peripheral neuopathy

A

isoniazid give with B6

56
Q

TB med associated with hepatits, hyperuriemia and photosensitive dermatologic rash

A

Pyrazinamide

57
Q

TB med assocaited with optic neuritis and peripheral neuropathy

A

ethambutol

58
Q

Dx and tx for pertussis

A

PCR of nasopharyngeal swab

Macrolide

59
Q

tx for epiglottitis

A

maintain airway

ceftriaxone or cefotaxime

60
Q

what is the cause of croup

Tx?

A

parainfluenza virus type 1

humidified air, dexamethasone, epinephrine (for stridor at rest)

Pance Prep (9 decks)

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