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Pance Prep > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

what do parietal cells release?

A

HCl acid

intrinsic factor

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2
Q

what do chief cells release?

A

pepsin

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3
Q

what do G cells release?

A

Gastrin

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4
Q

secretin in released by what part fo the intestines?

A

duodenum (it inhibits gastric production and signals the pancreas to release bicarb)

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5
Q

gold standard test for GERD?

A

24h ambulatory pH monitoring

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6
Q

gold standard test for achalasia

A

esophageal manometry

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7
Q

tx of choice for active esophageal varices

A

endoscopic ligation

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8
Q

meds used in esophageal varices

A

octreotide, vasopressin

PPI, Abx

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9
Q

what can be used for esophageal varices if bleeding cannot be controlled with endoscopic interventions or medications?

A

balloon tamponade

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10
Q

Side effect of TIPS procedure

A

encephalopathy

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11
Q

gold standard dx for gastritis and PUD

A

endoscopy

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12
Q

gold standard for H pylori testing

A

endoscopy w/ bx

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13
Q

best screening test for zollinger ellison syndrome

A

fasting gastrin level

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14
Q

what inhibition test is performed with zollinger ellison syndrome?

A

secretin

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15
Q

hereditary conjugated hyperbilirubinemia d/t decreased hepatocyte excretion of conjugated bilirubin

Pt will have grossly black liver on bx

A

dubin-johnson syndrome

Dublin, direct, dark

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16
Q

hereditary unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia with normal LFT

A 
crigler-najjar syndrome 
Gilbert syndrome (more common)
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17
Q

what is the inital test and the gold standard test for acute cholecystitis

A

U/S

HIDA

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18
Q

MC cause of fulminant hepatitis

A

acetaminophen

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19
Q

what are sxs of fulminant liver dz

A 
encephalopathy 
coagulopathy
jaundice
asterixis
ascites
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20
Q

what hepatits viruses are fecal-oral

A

A E

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21
Q

IV drug users are at risk of developing what hepatits infxn

A

C

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22
Q

what does hep D need to cuase infection

A

HepB

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23
Q

Hep B medications?

A 
alpha-interferon 2b
lamivudine
adefovir
tenofovir
entecavir
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24
Q

hepatic venous outflow obstruction

A

budd-chiari syndrome (hepatic vein obstruction)

25
Q

how do you dx and tx budd-chiari syndrome

A

U/S

shunts, balloon angioplasty w/ stent, anticoagulation

26
Q

what tumor marker is used to track hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

alpha-fetoprotein

27
Q

what is cholestyramine used for?

A

pruritis d/t increased levels of bile salts

28
Q

idiopathic autoimmune d/o of intrahepatic small bile ducts
Associated with anti mitochondrial antibody
usually incidental finding with high alkaline phosphate

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

29
Q

Tx for Primary biliary cirrhosis

A

urodeoxycholic acid (reduce progression)

30
Q

autoimmune progressive cholestasis, diffuse fibrosis of intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts
associated with UC

A

primary sclerosing cholangitis

31
Q

tx for primary sclerosing cholangitis

A

transplant, stenting to relieve sxs

32
Q

autosomal recessive copper accumulation in liver, brain, kidney, cornea

A

wilsons dz

33
Q

tx for wilsons dz

A

D-pencillamine (chelates copper)

zinc + ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (enhance fecal excretion)

34
Q

mc cause of small bowel obstructions

large bowel?

A

adhesions

obstruction

35
Q

test of choice to dx lactose intolerance

A

hydrogen breath test

36
Q

abx used in diverticulitis

A

cipro/bactrim + metronidazole

37
Q

dx for UC vs crohns

A 
UC = felx sig
Crohns = upper GI series with small bowel follow through
38
Q

how should colon CA screening be performed for…..

  1. average risk
  2. 1st degree relative >60y
  3. 1st degree realtive <60y
    4, lynch
    5, FAP
A
  1. @50 fecal occult = annual, colonoscopy = e 10
  2. @40 fecal occult = annual, colonoscopy = e 10
  3. @40 (or 10 yrs prior) fecal occult = annual, colonoscopy = e 5 yrs
    4, @ 20-25, colonoscopy q 1-2 yrs
  4. @10-12, felx sig
39
Q

deficiency associated with loss of night vision, imparied immunity, bitot’s spots (white spots on conjunctiva d/t squamous metaplasia)

A

Vitamin A

40
Q

hyperkeratotic follicular papules
Hemorrhage (gums, skin, joints)
Hematologic (anemia, glossitis)

A

Scurvy (Vit C, ascorbic acid)

41
Q

softening of the bones with bowing and rachitic rosary in children

looser lines for adults

A

vitamin D
Rickets (children)
osteomalacia (adults)

42
Q

ETOH mc cause
wernickes
beriberi (nervous system changes or HF)

A

Thiamine (B1)

one drunk man

43
Q

oral-ocular-genital syndrome
oral (magenta tongue, lesions)
ocular (photophobia, corneal lesions)
Genital (scrotal dermatitis)

A

Riboflavin (B2)

2 nuts are involved

44
Q

diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis

high corn diet

A

Niacin (B3)

3 D’s

45
Q

chronic ETOH, peripheral neuropathy, sz HA.

A

Pyridoxine (B6)

46
Q

parasthesias, gait abnormalities, memory loss, macrocytic anemia

A

cobalamin B 12

47
Q

short incubation
ate dairy products, mayonnaise, meats or eggs
prominent V, abd cramps, HA, D

A

staph aureus

48
Q

similar to staph
Contaminated foods
Vomiting, cramps D

A

Bacillus cereus

49
Q

rice water stools
raw shellfish

Tx?

A

vibrio cholerae

fluids!
tetracyclines

50
Q

travelers D
unsanitary drinking water

Tx?

A

enterotoxigenic e coli

fluids!
FQ

51
Q

strinkingly high lymphocytes, pseudomembranoue colitis

Tx?

A

C. diff

metronidazole
vanc PO

52
Q

can lead to guillain barre syndrome
undercooked poultry
gram negative S, comma, seagull shaped

tx?

A

campylobacter enteritis

fluids
erythromycin

53
Q

tenesmus, explosive D, mucoid/bloody D
febirle szs in children

Tx?

A

shigella

Bactrim, FQ

54
Q

sickle cell pts are at high risk of osteomylitis with this infxn
pea soup stools

Tx?

A

salmonella (typhoid fever)

FQ

55
Q

noninfectious D affects the ___

Infectious D affects the ____

A

small intestine

Large intestine

56
Q

frothy, greasy, fould smelling poo
contaminated streams

Tx?

A

Giardia lambia

metronidazole

57
Q

GI colittis, dysentery, liver abcess

tx?

A

abebiasis

metronidazole

58
Q

farmers around contaminated soil
malabsorption, rhythmic motion of eyes with chewing

Tx?

A

whipple’s dz

PCN

Pance Prep (9 decks)

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