Pulmonology

Question 1

bronchial tree develops at?

Answer 1

16 weeks gestation

Question 2

when does most alveolar development occur?

Answer 2

after birth

Question 3

examples of obstructive defects are

Answer 3

asthma, bronchiolitis and foreign body aspiration

Question 4

restrictive defects are

Answer 4

pulm edema, scoliosis, pulm fibrosis, muscle weakness

Question 5

inspiratory stridor indicates what 2 things?

Answer 5

croup and laryngomalacia

Question 6

is laryngomalacia worse in supine or prone position?

Answer 6

supine

Question 7

expiratory wheezing suggests?

Answer 7

intrathoracic obstruction

Question 8

HIB and strep pypogenes cause?

Answer 8

epiglottits

Question 9

sitting forward in tripod w/ neck hyperextension is reflective of?

Answer 9

epiglottitis or retropharyngeal absence

Question 10

thumb print on lateral radiograph? cherry red swollen epiglottis?

Answer 10

HIB epiglottitis

Question 11

management of epiglottitis

Answer 11

nasotracheal intubation w/ out causing distress

Question 12

what should be given to close contacts to those w/ HIB epiglottis?

Answer 12

rifampin

Question 13

medical treatment of epiglottis?

Answer 13

3rd or 4th generation IV cephalosporin

Question 14

what are the 2 different types of croup?

Answer 14

viral and spasmodic

Question 15

what is the age group for viral croup?

Answer 15

3 months - 3 years

Question 16

what is the most common cause for viral croup?

Answer 16

parainfluenza virus

Question 17

croup caused by hypersensitivity at night?

Answer 17

spasmodic croup

Question 18

treatment for spasmodic croup?

Answer 18

systemic corticosteroids

Question 19

tx for croup w/ respiratory distress

Answer 19

recemic epinephrine aerosols

Question 20

ap radiograph of neck in viral croup shows?

Answer 20

steeple sign of subglottic narrowing

Question 21

RSV is the most common cause of?

Answer 21

bronchiolitis

Question 22

hyperinflation w/ air trapping, patchy infiltrates and atelectasis shows?

Answer 22

bronchiolitis

Question 23

what is a complication of bronchiolitis?

Answer 23

apnea

Question 24

treatment for bronchiolitis?

Answer 24

primarily supportive w/ hand washing

Question 25

what may be given prophylacticaly by IM during RSV season to infants w/ premies chronic lung disease or significant congenital heart disease?

Answer 25

RSV monoclonal antibody

Question 26

WBC > 20,000 mainly neutrophils and lobar consolidation?

Answer 26

bacterial pneumo

Question 27

common cause of AFEBRILE PNEUMO 1-3 months old

Answer 27

chlamydia trachomatis

Question 28

tx for chlamydia trach pneumo

Answer 28

erythromycin or azithromycin

Question 29

pneumonia in older children and adolescents w/ low grade fever

Answer 29

mycoplasma pneumo

Question 30

+ cold agglutinins, serum iGM titers cause? tx?

Answer 30

mycoplasma pneumo | oral erythromycin and azithromycin

Question 31

major cause of whooping cough?

Answer 31

bordetella pertussis

Question 32

3 stages of pertussis

Answer 32

catarrhal stage, paroxysmal stage, convalescent phase

Question 33

1-2 week long stage w/ rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, conjunctiva and fever?

Answer 33

catarrhal stage

Question 34

lasts 2-4 w/ fits of paroxysm coughing w/ gasp, may show cyanosis, apnea and choking

Answer 34

paroxysmal stage

Question 35

lasts weeks to month in which paroxysmal cough becomes less frequent and less severe

Answer 35

convalescent stage

Question 36

management of pertussis

Answer 36

1. hospitalization of youn infants b/c of choking apnea or cyanosis 2. antibiotics given to spread infection (azithromycin or erythromycin) 3. respiratory isolation until 5 days of antibiotics

Question 37

pancreatic insufficiency, meconium ileum at birth, steeatorrhea, recurrent pneumo w/ naal polyps?

Answer 37

cystic fibrosis

Question 38

chromosome mutation for CF?

Answer 38

chromosome 7 CFTR gene, autosomal recessive

Question 39

2 common causes of pneumo w/ CF

Answer 39

s. aureus and pseudomonal aeruginosa

Question 40

what is increased on new born screen w/ CF?

Answer 40

trypsinogen

Question 41

metabolic findings w/ chronic lung diseases?

Answer 41

decreased Pa02 and increased paCO2

Question 42

oxygen dependency beyond 28 days of life?

Answer 42

chronic lung disease

Question 43

patient population of chronic lung disease?

Answer 43

premature w/ hyaline membrane disease or surfactant deficiency syndrome

Question 44

stopping breathing for ___ seconds is normal for all ages

Answer 44

15 seconds

Question 45

cessation of breathing for greater than 20 seconds ?

Answer 45

apnea of infancy

Question 46

apnea, color change, muscle tone change, gagging where recovery occurs only after stimulation or resuscitation?

Answer 46

apparent life threateningg event

Question 47

sudden death of a child younger than 1 year of age that is unexplained after a thorough investigation

Answer 47

SIDS

Question 48

prone sleeping position, soft bedding, over bundling, overhearing, premature, are all risk factors for?

Answer 48

SIDS

Question 49

immature central respiratory center control causes

Answer 49

apnea of prematurity

Question 50

craniofacial anomalies, adenotonsillar hypertrophy, obesity or hypotonia all can cause?

Answer 50

obstructive apnea