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PEDIATRIC BRS > Pulmonology > Flashcards

Pulmonology Flashcards

1
Q

bronchial tree develops at?

A

16 weeks gestation

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2
Q

when does most alveolar development occur?

A

after birth

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3
Q

examples of obstructive defects are

A

asthma, bronchiolitis and foreign body aspiration

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4
Q

restrictive defects are

A

pulm edema, scoliosis, pulm fibrosis, muscle weakness

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5
Q

inspiratory stridor indicates what 2 things?

A

croup and laryngomalacia

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6
Q

is laryngomalacia worse in supine or prone position?

A

supine

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7
Q

expiratory wheezing suggests?

A

intrathoracic obstruction

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8
Q

HIB and strep pypogenes cause?

A

epiglottits

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9
Q

sitting forward in tripod w/ neck hyperextension is reflective of?

A

epiglottitis or retropharyngeal absence

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10
Q

thumb print on lateral radiograph? cherry red swollen epiglottis?

A

HIB epiglottitis

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11
Q

management of epiglottitis

A

nasotracheal intubation w/ out causing distress

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12
Q

what should be given to close contacts to those w/ HIB epiglottis?

A

rifampin

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13
Q

medical treatment of epiglottis?

A

3rd or 4th generation IV cephalosporin

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14
Q

what are the 2 different types of croup?

A

viral and spasmodic

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15
Q

what is the age group for viral croup?

A

3 months - 3 years

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16
Q

what is the most common cause for viral croup?

A

parainfluenza virus

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17
Q

croup caused by hypersensitivity at night?

A

spasmodic croup

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18
Q

treatment for spasmodic croup?

A

systemic corticosteroids

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19
Q

tx for croup w/ respiratory distress

A

recemic epinephrine aerosols

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20
Q

ap radiograph of neck in viral croup shows?

A

steeple sign of subglottic narrowing

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21
Q

RSV is the most common cause of?

A

bronchiolitis

22
Q

hyperinflation w/ air trapping, patchy infiltrates and atelectasis shows?

A

bronchiolitis

23
Q

what is a complication of bronchiolitis?

A

apnea

24
Q

treatment for bronchiolitis?

A

primarily supportive w/ hand washing

25
Q

what may be given prophylacticaly by IM during RSV season to infants w/ premies chronic lung disease or significant congenital heart disease?

A

RSV monoclonal antibody

26
Q

WBC > 20,000 mainly neutrophils and lobar consolidation?

A

bacterial pneumo

27
Q

common cause of AFEBRILE PNEUMO 1-3 months old

A

chlamydia trachomatis

28
Q

tx for chlamydia trach pneumo

A

erythromycin or azithromycin

29
Q

pneumonia in older children and adolescents w/ low grade fever

A

mycoplasma pneumo

30
Q

+ cold agglutinins, serum iGM titers

cause?
tx?

A

mycoplasma pneumo

oral erythromycin and azithromycin

31
Q

major cause of whooping cough?

A

bordetella pertussis

32
Q

3 stages of pertussis

A

catarrhal stage, paroxysmal stage, convalescent phase

33
Q

1-2 week long stage w/ rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, conjunctiva and fever?

A

catarrhal stage

34
Q

lasts 2-4 w/ fits of paroxysm coughing w/ gasp, may show cyanosis, apnea and choking

A

paroxysmal stage

35
Q

lasts weeks to month in which paroxysmal cough becomes less frequent and less severe

A

convalescent stage

36
Q

management of pertussis

A
  1. hospitalization of youn infants b/c of choking apnea or cyanosis
  2. antibiotics given to spread infection (azithromycin or erythromycin)
  3. respiratory isolation until 5 days of antibiotics
37
Q

pancreatic insufficiency, meconium ileum at birth, steeatorrhea, recurrent pneumo w/ naal polyps?

A

cystic fibrosis

38
Q

chromosome mutation for CF?

A

chromosome 7 CFTR gene, autosomal recessive

39
Q

2 common causes of pneumo w/ CF

A

s. aureus and pseudomonal aeruginosa

40
Q

what is increased on new born screen w/ CF?

A

trypsinogen

41
Q

metabolic findings w/ chronic lung diseases?

A

decreased Pa02 and increased paCO2

42
Q

oxygen dependency beyond 28 days of life?

A

chronic lung disease

43
Q

patient population of chronic lung disease?

A

premature w/ hyaline membrane disease or surfactant deficiency syndrome

44
Q

stopping breathing for ___ seconds is normal for all ages

A

15 seconds

45
Q

cessation of breathing for greater than 20 seconds ?

A

apnea of infancy

46
Q

apnea, color change, muscle tone change, gagging where recovery occurs only after stimulation or resuscitation?

A

apparent life threateningg event

47
Q

sudden death of a child younger than 1 year of age that is unexplained after a thorough investigation

A

SIDS

48
Q

prone sleeping position, soft bedding, over bundling, overhearing, premature, are all risk factors for?

A

SIDS

49
Q

immature central respiratory center control causes

A

apnea of prematurity

50
Q

craniofacial anomalies, adenotonsillar hypertrophy, obesity or hypotonia all can cause?

A

obstructive apnea

PEDIATRIC BRS (9 decks)

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