Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PEDIATRIC BRS > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

inadequate oxygen delivery by the myocardium to meet metabolic demands of the body

A

CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 compensatory mechanisms that cause CHF

A

hypo perfusion of end organs, increased renin angiotensis system, catecholamine release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what may cause high output CHF

A

anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

rapid infusion of IV fluids in premature infants may cause

A

CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

these drugs increase the efficiency of myocardial contractions and relieve tachycardia

A

digoxin (cardiac glycosides)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

drugs that reduce Intravascular volume by maximizing sodium loss

A

Loop diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

treatment of CHF secondary to CHD

A

surgical repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

murmurs caused by turbulent flow that are not caused by structural heart disease and have no hemodynamic significance

A

innocent heart murmurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 types of innocent heart murmurs

A

Stills murmur, pulmonic systolic murmur, venous hum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This is the type of innocent heart murmur heard at the mid left sternal board in ages 2-7, loudest supine and with excersize

A

Stil’s murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

this innocent heart murmur is heard at the upper left sternal board, peaks early in systole, blowing high pitched, loudest supine and with exersice

A

Pulmonic systolic murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

innocent heart murmur heard neck and below clavicles at any age, continuous and heard only sitting or standing, not heard SUPINE or with neck flexion or extension

A

Venous hum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

type of ASD in lower portion of atrial septum w/ possible mitral regurg and common in DOWN syndrome

A

ostium primum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ASD defect in middle portion of atrial septum and most common overall ASD

A

ostium secundum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

type of high ASD where right plum vein drain into the right atrium or SVC

A

sinus venosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what may children with an osmium primum defect w/ mitral regurg develop?

A

CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

physical findings include Increased right ventricular impulse, fixed S2 split w/ diastolic rumble and lower left sternal border

A

ASD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

VSD pathophysiology

A

Bc of decreased pulmonary resistance and increased systemic resistance blood flows from the left ventricle into the right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

as the size of the VSD decreases the intensity of the murmur _______?

A

increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

holosystolic murmur heard at apex

A

VSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Eisenmenger syndrome

A

when PVR is greater than systemic resistance resulting in a switch from left to right to RIGHT TO LEFT shunt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

large VSDs w/ pulmonary hypertension are closed at what age?

A

3-6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

small vsd’s are closed at what age?

A

2-6 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

continuous machine like murmur at the upper left sternal border w/ widened pulse pressure

A

PDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is used to close a PDA?
indomethacin
26
narrowing of aortic arch below subclavian artery
coarctation of the aorta
27
patient w/ severe coarctation may depend on what anomaly for perfusion of lower thoracic and descending aorta?
right to left shunt through PDA
28
hypertension in right arm and reduced blood pressure in lower extremity
PDA
29
what else may someone w/ coarctation have?
bicuspid aortic valve
30
in coarctation of the aorta does the femoral pulse precede the radial pulse?
no, femoral pulse is DELAYED.
31
treatment of coarctation in neonate
IV prostaglandin E (to keep pda open) and inotropic medication (dopamine)
32
what is the therapy of choice in recurrent cocarctation?
balloon angioplasty
33
ross procedure
aortic stenotic valve is replaced w/ pulmonary valve
34
why does severe aortic stenosis cause left ventricular hypoplasia in the neonate?
impaired fetal left ventricular development w/ myocardial ischemia
35
aortic stenosis symptoms in older children
chest pain, syncope and sudden death
36
high aortic valve pressure gradient
>50-70
37
high pulmonary valve pressure gradient
>35-40
38
what can be seen on chest x ray with patent ductus arterioles
cardiomegaly w/ increased pulmonary vascular marking
39
ejection click w/ systolic ejection murmur at base that radiates to the upper right sternal border and carotids
aortic stenosis
40
vasomotor instability and vasoconstriction causes
peripheral cyanosis
41
5 cardiac causes of central cyanosis
tetralogy of fallout, transposition of great arteries, tricuspid atresia, truncus arterioles and total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
42
tetralogy of flow components
Pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, overiding aorta, VSD,
43
boot shaped heart
tetrallogy of fallow
44
what may a child w/ tetralogy of fallot do?
squat ( tet spells) increases venous return to heart and SVR decreasing the right to left shunt
45
graft imposed between subclavian and ipsilateral plum artery to improve pulm growth w/ tetralogy of fallot
blalock taussig shunt
46
definitive management of tetralogy of fallot
complete surgical repair at 4-8 months.
47
results in pulmonic and systemic circulations in parallel rather than in series
transposition of the great arteries
48
what do patients need to survive w/ transposition of the great arteries?
shunting blood through a patent foramen ovale, ASD, VSD or
49
acute management of a TET spell
1. squat position 2. IV fluid bolus 3. oxygen 4. morphine (stops agitation 5. propranolol 6. Sodium bicarb 7. transfusion for anemia 8. surgery
50
central cyanosis, SINGLE s2, no murmur
transposition
51
2 initial managements of transposition of great vessels
PGE and emergent balloon atrial septostomy (rashkind procedure)
52
what does the rash kind procedure do?
increases the size of the ASD or PFO
53
condition in which an ASD or PRO is always present and a plate of tissue is on the floor of the right atrium?
tricuspid atresia
54
the only cause of cyanosis in the newborn period that results in LAD and LVH
tricuspid atresia
55
fontan procedure
treatment of tricuspid atresia where flow from inferior vena cava is directed into pulmonary arteries
56
most common acquired heart disease in children in US , asian males
kawasaki disease
57
kawasaki disease symptoms
5 day fever, bilateral conjunctivitis, oropharyngeal changes, cervical adenopathy, rash, red, cracked swollen lips, erythematous palms and soles.
58
causes of infective endocarditis?
strep viridans and staph introduced during an invasive proedure
59
what can be seen on valves during infective endocarditits?
vegetations
60
roth spots, janeway lesions and osier nodes are seen in?
bacterial endocarditis
61
most sensitive way to detect vegetations in infetive endocarditis?
transesophageal echocardiography
62
most common bacterial causes of pericarditis?
staph aureus and strep pneumo
63
chest pain most intense while supine and relieved when sitting upright, pericardial friction rub, distant heart sounds and pulses paradoxes , hepatomegaly
pericarditis
64
management of pericarditis?
1. antibiotics, 2. antiinflam, 3. drainage
65
common cause of death in young athletes
myocarditis
66
elevated ESR, CK MB fraction and C reactive protein
lab results for myocarditis
67
identification of organism of myocarditis?
PCR or viral serology of endomyocardial biopsy specimens
68
type of cardiomyopathy that is autosomal dominant w/ asymmetric septal hypertrophy
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
69
most common cause of death in young athletes?
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
70
valsalva and standing will increase or decrease the ejection murmur of cardiomyopathy?
increase
71
type of cardiomyopathy seen w/ amyloidosis and inherited infiltrative disorders?
restrictive cardiomyopathy
72
type of cardiomyopathy seen w/ carnitine and nutrition deficiency or mitochondrial abnormalities?
dilated cardiomyopathy
73
neonatal heart rate greater than 250?
SVT
74
delta wave on EKG?
WPW (sudden cardiac death)
75
SVT management?
vagal maneuvars, ice pack, carotid massage, IV ADENOSINE, chronic digoxin and propanolol, radio frequency catheter ablation
76
babies born to SLE moms typically have what kind of AV block?
third degree
77
prolongation of PR interval?
1st degree AV block
78
second degree type 1 block
wenkebock, progressive prolongation of PR interval
79
second degree type 2 block
more than one PR interval but no prolongation
80
treatment of AV block?
pacemaker
81
autosomal recessive syndrome associated w/ deafness and long QT?
jervel, lange, neilsen
82
autosomal recessive syndrome w/ long QT and no deafness?
Romano ward syndrome
83
causes an enlarged heart in older children w/ supra cardiac drainage "snow man appearance" w/ RVH and RAE
TAPVC

PEDIATRIC BRS (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions