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PEDIATRIC BRS > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

malnutrition as a result of near starvation from protein and non preteen deficiency, very thin from loss of muscle and body fat

A

marasmus

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2
Q

seen in parts of the world where starch is main diet, protein deficient state

A

kwashiorkor

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3
Q

stool ph below 5.6 suggests?

A

carbohydrate malabsorption

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4
Q

a positive clinitest reaction shows?

A

watery and acidic stool resulting detected as reducing substances

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5
Q

what are 2 causes of carbohydrate malabsorption?

A

isolated congenital enzyme deficiency

mucosal atrophy

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6
Q

what can be used to document enteric protein losses?

A

fecal a1-antitrypsin levels

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7
Q

decreased _____ activity results in steatorrhea?

A

lipase actvity

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8
Q

abetalipoproteinemia is suggested by what?

A

acanthocytosis

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9
Q

macrocytic blood smear suggests what?

A

folic acid or vitamin b 12 deficiency

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10
Q

what majorly causes protein intolerance?

A

cows milk protein

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11
Q

what is the management of protein intolerance?

A

withdrawal and will resolve by 1-2 years of age

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12
Q

celiac disease location?

A

proximal small intestine

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13
Q

etiology of celiacs?

A

intolerance to gluten

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14
Q

what is the gold standard for celiac disease?

A

small bowel biopsy

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15
Q

what will small bowel biopsy show?

A

short/flat villi, deep crypts and vacuolated epithelium

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16
Q

what are specific in screening in celiac disease?

A

serum IgA - endomysial and serum tissue transglutaminase antibody testing

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17
Q

this occurs from small bowel resection as a result of volvulus, gastroschises?

A

short bowel syndrome

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18
Q

whats important in management of short bowel syndrome?

A

early TPN and parental feedings

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19
Q

this is characteristic torticollis with arching of the back caused by painful esophagitis

A

sandifer syndrome

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20
Q

this is the gold standard for GERD diagnosis

A

pH probe measurement

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21
Q

this is a motility agent used to increase LES tone or increase gastric emptying?

A

metoclopramide

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22
Q

palpable olive mass, projectile vomitting, and peristaltic waves

A

pyloric stenosis

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23
Q

metabolic profile of pyloric stenosis

A

hypochloremic, hypokalemic, metabolic alkalosis

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24
Q

what is the diagnostic method of choice for pyloric stenosis

A

ultrasound

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25
Q

what is the management of pyloric stenosis?

A

correct electrolyte abnormalities and then correct w/ partial pyloromyotomy

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26
Q

diagnostic tool for volvulus?

A

upper go contrast imaging

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27
Q

is volvulus a surgical emergency?

A

yes

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28
Q

what is the most common location of intussusception?

A

ileocolic

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29
Q

what is generally the etiology of intussception?

A

lead point

30
Q

how do an infants legs present w/ intussception?

A

draw legs towards chest

31
Q

currant jelly stools, sausage shaped mass and coil spring sign on radiograph?

A

intussecption

32
Q

gold standard for intussception

A

contrast enema w/ air

33
Q

first line therapy for intussception?

A

contrast enema w/ air or hydrostatic pressure

34
Q

if intessucpetion w/ peritonitis or pneumoperitoneum?

A

operative reduction

35
Q

bluish discoloration of flanks

A

gray turner sign

36
Q

bluish discoloration of periumbilical area

A

cullen sign

37
Q

what do gray turner sign and cullen sign indicate?

A

pancreatitits

38
Q

what is elevated in acute pancreatitis?

A

serum amylase and serum lipase

39
Q

imaging for pancreatitis?

A

abdominal US

40
Q

imaging for pseudocyst in pancreatitis?

A

abdominal CT

41
Q

acute a calculous cholecystitis is caused by what infections?

A

salmonella, shigella and e coli

42
Q

what condition may cause acute chile in infants?

A

sickle cell disease

43
Q

what is used to soften the stool in constipation?

A

mineral oil

44
Q

painless acute rectal bleeding in a otherwise healthy child?

A

meckels diverticulum

45
Q

how does jaundice generally occur?

A

begins cranially and extends caudally

46
Q

this syndrome associatiated with hemolysis or with a very large hematoma, first starts as increased indirect to increased direct bill

A

inspissated bile syndrome

47
Q

mild unconjugated biliburinemia occurs w/ stress or poor nutrition

A

UDP-glucuronyl transferase deficiency

48
Q

autosomal recessive disorder 100% of udp transferase is absent causing kernicterus

A

criggler najar type i

49
Q

autosomal dominant 90% udp gluorynl transferase absent

A

criggler najar type II

50
Q

most common cause of cholestasis in new born

A

neonatal hepatitis

51
Q

management of neonatal hepatitis

A

supportive
nutritional support
ursodeoxycholic acid
livertransplantation

52
Q

hepatosplenomegaly, polyspenia syndrome, increased bilirubin levels?

A

biliary atresia

53
Q

progressive fibroscleortic disease that affects the extra hepatic biliary tree

A

biliary atresia

54
Q

intraop cholangiogram w/ laparotomy to examine biliary tree

A

dx. of biliary atresia

55
Q

management of biliary atresia

A

kasaiportoenterstomy (roux-en-y intestinal loop)

56
Q

paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts and multi organ involvement?

A

alagille syndrome

57
Q

clinical features of alagille syndrome

A 
debilitating pruritus
broad forehead 
saddle nose
pulm outflow obstruction
renal disease
posterior embryotoxon
butterfly vertebrae and broad thumbs
58
Q

management of alagille syndrome

A

supportive

59
Q

picornovirus hepatitis caused by fecal oral route

A

hep A

60
Q

a DNA virus heptitis?

A

hepatitis B

61
Q

transmission of hep B

A

perinatal vertical exposure, infected blood products, body secretions

62
Q

HBsAg

A

active disease ( used in hep B vaccine)

63
Q

HBsAB

A

protective results from vaccination or natural infection

64
Q

HBcAb

A

natural infection and persists life long

65
Q

HBeAg

A

infectious, acute

66
Q

RNA flavivirus family

A

hep C infection

67
Q

those with hepatitis B have an increased risk of what?

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

68
Q

this virus requires HBsAg for replication

A

heptatis D

69
Q

elevated serum transaminatses, hypergammaglobulinema and circulating autoantibodies + family history of autoimmune disease

A

autoimmune hepatitis

70
Q

management for autoimmune hepatitis

A

corticosteroids and immunosuppresive agents (azathioprine or 6 mercaptopurine)

PEDIATRIC BRS (9 decks)

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