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PEDIATRIC BRS > ophtho > Flashcards

ophtho Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

i arm stands for?

A

inspection
acuity
red reflex
motility

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2
Q

inspection consists of what?

A

symmetry, tilt, redness and squinting

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3
Q

part of the exam that consists of pupillary responses and use of eye charts?

A

acuity

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4
Q

this is bruckner test

A

red reflex

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5
Q

this is hirchberg test

A

motility assesment

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6
Q

when does visual acuity improve the most?

A

during the first 3-4 months of life

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7
Q

when the corneal light reflex is uncentered it is generally?

A

strabismus

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8
Q

when there is a dull reflex it is generally?

A

glaucoma

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9
Q

when its a yellow or white reflex it is?

A

retinoblastoma

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10
Q

normal visual development is a dependent on what 2 things?

A
  1. proper eye alignment

2. equal visual stimulation

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11
Q

the most common cause of decreased vision during childhood

A

amblyopia

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12
Q

what are pathologic conditions that cause a blurred visual image resulting in amblyopia

A

opacification, uncorrected refractive error, significant differences between the eyes (anisometropia),

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13
Q

what is the best management for amblyopia?

A

early detection and early intervention

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14
Q

3 neonatal conjuntivitis pathogens

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea
chlamydia trachomatis
HSV

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15
Q

chemical conjunctivitis is caused most by?

A

1% silver nitrate caused by prophylaxis to n. gonorrhoea

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16
Q

is neonatal chemical conjuncivitis a dangerous emergency?

A

no, it is self limited and lasts for less than 24 hours

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17
Q

N. gonorrhea

  • onset
  • cellularity
  • tx
A
  • 2-4 days old
    -gram neg diplococci
  • IV cefoxatime and topical
    +tx parents
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18
Q

c. trachomatis
- onset
- cellularity
- tx

A
  • 4-10 days old
  • cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (+ dirt fluorescent antibody
  • oral erythyromycin + tx. parents
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19
Q

HSV

  • onset
  • cellularity
  • tx
A
  • 6 days -2 weeks
  • multinucleated giant cells
  • IV acyclovir and topical triflourothymidine
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20
Q

how can corneal abrasion be diagnosed?

A

flourescein staining

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21
Q

what are causes of corneal abrasion

A

trauma
bacterial corneal ulcer (gono)
HSV keratitis

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22
Q

conjunctivitis w/ lymphadenopathy

A

viral conjunctivitis

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23
Q

conjunctivitis w/ positive culture of staph aureus

A

blepharitis

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24
Q

conjunctivitis w/ eosinophils on conjunctival scrapings?

A

allergic

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25
treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis?
topical polymyxin B, tmp smx, gentamicin, tobramycin, erythromycin
26
what virus causes pharyjgoconjunctival fever
adenovirus 3,7
27
is viral conjunctivitis unilateral or bilateral?
bilateral
28
treatment for viral conjunctivitis?
cool compresses and topical NSAID drops
29
what is the difference between keratoconjunctivitis and pharyjgoconjunctival fever? what is the same?
keratoconjunctivitis does not have URI. keratoconjunctivitis is caused by adenovirus 8,9,37
30
what strand of HSV causes primary ocular HSV w/ multiple vesicular lesions
HSV type 1
31
what type of hypersensitivity reaction is allergic conjunctivitis?
TYPE 1
32
what is treatment of allergic conjunctivitis?
cromolyn and topical antihistamines
33
where does nasolacrimal duct obstruction occur?
Hasner's valve
34
what is the management of NLD obstruction
observation, massage, antibiotics and probing
35
this is a swelling of the nasolacrimal sac
amniotocele
36
what color is the swelling that occurs in amniotocele (dacryocele)
bluish swelling
37
amniotocele + infection tx?
iv antibiotics and urgent NLD probing
38
amniotocele no infection tx?
massage
39
ocular trauma associated w/ child abuse?
retinal hemorrhage
40
damage to and loss of corneal epithelium?
corneal abrasion
41
what is management of corneal abrasion?
protective shield patch, topical antibiotic and refer to optho if associated with contact lens
42
blood within the anterior chamber
hyphema
43
most common cause of hyphen?
blunt trauma
44
increased ocular pressure occurring at or soon after birth
congenital glaucoma
45
what is normal intraocular pressure in infants?
10-15 mm Hg
46
what is exceeding intraocular pressure in infants
30 mm Hg
47
how is congenital glaucoma different then adult glaucoma
causes nerve injury and expands size of the eye because eye wall is still elastic
48
what is reduced in glaucoma?
outflow of aqueous humor
49
true or false | surgery is always required in congenital glaucoma?
true
50
Retinopathy of prematurity
proliferation of vessels seen in premature infants exposed to oxygen
51
management of retinopathy of prematurity
opthalmic evaluations biweekly | retinal cryotherapy + laser therapy if severe
52
who should have a dilated opthalmoscopic exam at 4-6 weeks?
infants born at gestation age of 28 weeks or less weighing less than 1500 g
53
this refers to a white pupil?
leukocoria
54
what chromosome mutation results in retinoblastoma?
mutation/deletion on both alleles on long arm of chromosome 13 "TWO HIT"
55
what are 3 clinical features of retinoblastoma
calcification within tumor white pupil strabismus
56
strabismus
misalignment of the eyes
57
refers to eye turned nasally
esotropia
58
refers to eye turned laterally
exotropia
59
this results in false appearance of strabismus
prominence of epicentral folds
60
what happens if strabismus occurs later than 5 years?
diploplia
61
follicular conjunctivitis, neovascularization and nasal discharge are all caused by?
c. trachomatis conjunctivitis
62
do you patch the deviated eye or the normal eye in strabismus?
patch the normal eye so the deviated eye can gain strength
63
at what age should visual acuity test be given?
age 3 w/ snellen chart or tumbling E

PEDIATRIC BRS (9 decks)

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