Pulmonology

Question 1

laryngomalacia

Answer 1

large, floopy arytenoid cartilages / floopy epilottis - most common cause of congenital stridor
-resolves over the first 1-3 yrs of life

Question 2

subglottic stenosis etiology

Answer 2

rarely congenital

typically due to intubation (even if briefly)

Question 3

classic RDS xray

Answer 3

ground glass opacities
diffuse, fine, reticular granularity
perihilar linear opacities bilaterally

Question 4

cause of respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 4

surfactant deficiency
common w/ < 1500 g (very low birth rate)
extremely preterm noenates (,28 wks)

Question 5

what is effect of O2 on transposition of the great arteries?

Answer 5

O2 doesn’t help

problem with cyanosis due to systemic circulation of deoxygenates blood

Question 6

meconium aspiration signs on cxr

Answer 6

patchy infiltrates
coarse streaking of both lung fields
flattened diaphragm

Question 7

treatment of respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 7

continuous positive air pressure ventilation

Question 8

how to deal w/ constipation in a kid?

Answer 8

incr. water intake, drink < 24 oz of cow's milk, eat fiber rich foods
oral laxatives (polethylene glycole) preferred treatment for stool softening
avoid fecal disimpaction b/c can mimic intestinal obstruction  --> encopresis / enuresis