Pulmonology Flashcards
Definition: Normal Lung consolidation
Clear Auscultation
Resonance with percussion
Upper airway clear with coughing
Bacterial acute bronchitis differs from other sources
Symptoms persist > 1 week, Fever or a smoker
Treatment for Atbx for Bacterial Bronchitis
Macrolide, Doxycycline, Bactrim
Asthma Red Flags
Resp. Distress, Difficulty speaking in sentences, Diaphoresis, Accessory muscle, RR> 28, Pulse > 110, Hyperressonance, Cough, Chest tightness, Pulses paradoxus > 12 mm Hg
Which white blood cell type would be elevated with Asthma?
Eosinophils
Hospitalization is recommended for these two specific results for PFT
Forced Expiratory Volume 1 does not improve after bronchodilator
Peak flow < 60 liters/minute or no improvement after treatment
Define: Chronic Bronchitis and how does it differ from acute
Excessive secretion of bronchial mucus manifested by cough for three months or more in two consecutive years; > 35 yrs
Define Emphysema
Permanent enlargement of alveoli > 50 yrs
What effects does tiotropium bromide for COPD
Bronchodilation, Thin mucus
What is low severity ATBX treatment for CAP
No Comorbidities <3 months; Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, Macrolide (Azithromycin, Clarithromycin)
What is a moderate to severe ATBX treatment for CAP
Comorbidities or Resistant organism; (Augmentin or Cephalosporin) + (Macrolide or Doxycycline)
Monotherapy Fluoroquinolone (Levofloxacin or Moxifloxacin)
Tuberculosis Regimen
Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol
Perform tests prior to treatment of tuberculosis; How long to treat HIV patient
Liver function, CBC, Creatine baseline; Visual acuity with ethambutol
Which bacteria is responsible for Pertussis? Dx necessary
Bordetella Pertussis; PCR, Culture
Treatment for pertussis differs from another cough
Treatment first three weeks (Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, or erythromycin)
Do not use cough medication
Provide plenty fluids and frequent meals (Dehydration and Vomiting)
When can Tdap be safely administered with a pregnant woman
Third trimester
True or False: Residual volume decreases as we age
False: Volume of air expelled becomes less due to increased residual volume
True or false: Hyperressonance to percussion is a normal finding for older adult
True
True or false: Alviolar surface decreases up to 20% causing decreased oxygen uptake
True
Hospitalization is recommended for acute asthma exacerbation for two scenarios
If FEV1 does not improve after initiating Bronchodilator
if Peak flow is <60 liters/minute initially or does not improve after treatment
Pulmonary function test: Volume of gas forcefully expelled from the lungs after maximal inspiration
FVC
Pulmonary function test: Volume of gas in lungs after maximal inspiration
TLC
Pulmonary function test: Volume of gas remaining in lungs after maximal expiration
RV
Pulmonary function test: Functional Residual capacity
FRV
Pulmonary function test: Volume of gas expelled the first second of the FVC maneuver
FEV1
COPD and Emphysema: Diagnostic under Pulmonary Function test
FEV1 and other expiratory measurement airflow reduced
TLC, FRC, and RV may be increased
Identify Step III of Asthma in adults
Low-dose ICS and LABA
Identify Step IV of Asthma in adults
Medium dose ICS and LABA
Identify Step II of Asthma in adults
Low-dose ICS only
Identify Step I of Asthma in adults
SABA only
Identify last step of the Asthma in adults
High dose ICS and LABA; Add short course of corticosteroid - Refer pulmonologist for phenotypic testing and added treatment
