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Human Disease Systems > Pulmonology > Flashcards

Pulmonology Flashcards

1
Q

Disease?

A

Asthma

smooth muscle hypertrophy, mucus gland proliferation, prominent basement membrane (black arrows)

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2
Q

Disease

A

Asthma

accumulation of mucus in lumen of bronchus (yellow star), smooth muscle hypertrophy (black arrow)

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3
Q
A

squamous metaplasia in center area of epithelium

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4
Q
A

squamous metaplasia of entire epithelium

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5
Q
A

goblet cell hyperplasia

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6
Q
A

centriacinar/centrilobar emphysema (most common, associated with smoking)

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7
Q
A

panacinar emphysema (associated with alpha-1 anti-trypsin genetic insufficiency)

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8
Q
A

centriacinar/centrilobar emphysema (most common, associated with smoking)

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9
Q
A

panacinar emphysema (associated with alpha-1 anti-trypsin genetic insufficiency)

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10
Q

Disease?

A

emphysema (alveolar changes)

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11
Q

Disease?

A

chronic bronchitis (increased Reid index, >0.5)

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12
Q

Disease?

A

chronic bronchitis (bronchus shows wall thickened by chronic inflammation)

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13
Q

Disease?

A

chronic bronchitis (marked goblet cell hyperplasia)

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14
Q
A

hyperinflated lungs in patient with emphysema

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15
Q
A

increased lung markings in patient with chronic bronchitis

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16
Q

Disease?

A

bronchiectasis

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17
Q

Disease?

A

bronchiectasis (arrows show dilated bronchi)

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18
Q

Disease?

A

bronchiectasis (dilation of bronchiole with a chronic inflammatory infiltrate in the lumen)

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19
Q

Organism?

A

C. diphtheriae (gram positive rods)

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20
Q

Organism?

A

S. pneumoniae (gram positive diplococci)

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21
Q

Organism

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram negative rod; pyrocyanin/pyoverdin = conspicuous blue-green pigment)

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22
Q

Pathology?

A

dense consolidation of lower lobe

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23
Q

Pathology?

A

prominent vascular congestion of alveolar capillaries

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24
Q

Pathology?

A

pulmonary edema: alveolar walls contain congested capillaries, plasma from the blood has moved into alveolar spaces

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25
Q

Pathology?

A

red hepatization: lungs are heavy, red, and airless

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26
Q

Pathology?

A

red hepatization: acute inflammatory cells and blood

27
Q

Pathology?

A

gray hepatization: gray-brown, dry surface

28
Q

Pathology?

A

gray hepatization micro: exudates of deteriorating WBC, fibrin, and RBC contracts, yielding clear zone adjacent to alveolar walls

29
Q

Pathology?

A

organizing pneumonia: virulent organism damaged basement membrane, leading to repair reaction - fibroblasts move in and secrete collagen

30
Q

Pathology?

A

organizing pneumonia (trichrome stain)

31
Q

Pathology?

A

bronchopneumonia (granular consolidation, often adjacent to major airways; pale-colored, firm nodules)

32
Q

Pathology?

A

bronchopneumonia micro (alveoli filled with edema fluid, extravasated RBC, bacteria, PMN, some alveolar macrophages)

33
Q

Pathology?

A

aspiration pneumonia (foreign material inside of foreign body giant cells and surrounding inflammatory cells)

34
Q

Viral pneumonia manifestation?

A

bronchiolitis (peribronchiolar collections of lymphocytes, epithelial damage and sloughing, squamous metaplasia, mucus plugging of bronchioles)

35
Q

Viral pneumonia manifestation?

A

interstitial pneumonia (lymphocytes and plasma cells within alveolar walls and around small airways; hyaline membranes may be present)

36
Q

Viral pneumonia manifestation

A

pneumonia associated with viral inclusions (CMV)

37
Q

Distribution of what fungi?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum (histoplasmosis); endemic in Ohio and Mississippi River valleys; growth in soil enhanced high in nitrogen content (bat and bird droppings)

38
Q

Distribution of what fungi?

A

Coccidioides immitis (coccidiomycosis); endemic to San Juaquin Valley, southwest US, Mexico, and parts of Central and South America

39
Q

Distribution of what fungi?

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis (blastomycosis); endemic east of Mississippi River

40
Q

Carcinoma precursor lesion type?

A

Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia

subtle thickening of an area of lung parenchyma and some hyperplasia of the glandular epithelium

41
Q

Carcinoma precursor lesion type?

A

Adenocarcinoma in situ

proliferation and tufting of glandular epithelium that also shows cellular atypia, but doesn’t invade into alveolar wall

can become invasive Adenocarcinoma

42
Q

Carcinoma precursor lesion type?

A

Squamous dysplasia and carcinoma in situ

can become invasive squamous cell carcinoma

43
Q

Pathology?

A

squamous metaplasia

44
Q

Carcinoma type?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

usually centrally located (coming from bronchus)

45
Q

Carcinoma type?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

keratinization (squamous pears or individual cells with eosinophilic, dense cytoplasm)

46
Q

Carcinoma type?

A

adenocarcinoma

47
Q

Carcinoma type?

A

adenocarcinoma (acinar subtype)

48
Q

Carcinoma type?

A

adenocarcinoma (lepidic subtype)

49
Q

Carcinoma type?

A

small cell carcinoma (very little cytoplasm = blue appearance

50
Q

Tumor type?

A

carcinoid tumor (grows shows lesion covered in intact mucosa [might present with breathing obstruction/wheezing], micro shows carcinoid islands)

51
Q

Tumor type?

A

hamartoma (coin lesion); prominent cartilage and connective tissue with respiratory epithelium

52
Q

Tumor type?

A

malignant mesothelioma

53
Q
A

organizing pneumonia

54
Q

Disease?

A

pulmonary fibrosis

55
Q

Disease?

A

usual interstitial pneumonia

56
Q

Disease?

A

interstitial pulmonary fibrosis/ usual interstitial pneumonia

57
Q

Disease?

A

non-specific interstitial pneumonia

58
Q

Disease?

A

acute interstitial pneumonia (Hamman-Rich Syndrome); alveolar walls are lined with waxy hyaline membranes

59
Q

Disease?

A

desquamative interstitial pneumonia (accumulation of large numbers of macrophages within alveolar spaces and only mild fibrous thickening of the alveolar walls)

60
Q

Disease?

A

respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD)

61
Q

Disease?

A

pulmonary Langerhans histiocytosis

62
Q

Disease?

A

pulmonary eosinophilia

63
Q

Disease?

A

pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

Human Disease Systems (11 decks)

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