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Human Disease Systems > Cardio/Heme > Flashcards

Cardio/Heme Flashcards

1
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Normal Bone Marrow

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2
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Aplastic anemia

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3
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Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

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4
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“Hair-on-end” new bone formation; beta-thalassemia major

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5
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Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia (vitamin B12 or folate deficiency)

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6
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megaloblastic anemia (see hypersegmented neutrophil)

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7
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Sickle cell anemia (see sickled RBCs)

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8
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glucose 6 phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency (see Heinz bodies and bite cells)

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9
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Hereditary spherocytosis

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10
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Pseudo-Pelger-Huet neutrophil (hyposegmented neutrophil; myelodysplastic syndrome)

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11
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Nucleated RBCs with myelocytes (myelodysplastic syndromes)

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12
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Ringed sideroblasts (myelodysplastic syndromes)

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13
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Bi-lobed Pelger-Huet cells with a blast (myelodysplastic syndromes)

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14
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Multiple myeloma, bone marrow aspirate (mostly mature-appearing plasma cells with eccentrically placed nuclei; prominent Golgi zones)

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15
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Mott Cell (intracellular accumulation of Ig in multiple myeloma bone marrow aspirate)

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16
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Flame cell (multiple myeloma, see fiery red cytoplasm)

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17
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Dutcher Bodies (nuclear globules, multiple myeloma)

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18
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Antibody monoclonal proliferation in multiple myeloma

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19
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Lytic bone lesions, multiple myeloma

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20
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Rouleaux formation, multiple myeloma

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21
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Auer rods, acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

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22
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Abnormal hypercellular bone marrow in acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

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23
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promyelocytes in bone marrow and peripheral blood, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL, and AML subtype)

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24
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Gingival hyperplasia, monocytic leukemia (AML subtype)

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25
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Leukemia cutis, monocytic leukemia (AML subtype)

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26
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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) peripheral blood evaluation (multiple “blasts” are shown)

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27
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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) bone marrow (packed with leukemic cells)

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28
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Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) peripheral smear (numerous granulocytes at varying degrees of maturation)

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29
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Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) peripheral smear (cells in varying degrees of maturation)

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30
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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) peripheral smear (increased lymphocytes)

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31
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Hairy cell leukemia (chronic leukemia)

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32
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Hairy cell leukemia, TRAP stain (TRAP+)

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33
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Smudge cell, small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (SLL/CLL) (NHL)

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34
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Mantle cell lymphoma (abnormal architecture without the mantle zone)

t(11;14) translocation => cyclin D overexpression

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35
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Mantle cell lymphoma (cyclin D stain); NHL

t(11;14) => cyclin D overexpression

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36
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Follicular lymphoma NHL (resembles normal germinal center B cells and mimics follicular architecture of normal lymphoid tissues)

t(14;18) => Bcl-2 overexpression

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37
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A

Follicular lymphoma NHL

t(14;18) => Bcl-2 overexpression

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38
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A

Marginal cell (MALT) lymphoma

associated with infections (H. pylori)

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39
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Marginal cell (MALT) lymphoma

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40
Q
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Lymphoepithelial lesion, marginal cell (MALT) lymphoma

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41
Q
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Marginal cell (MALT) lymphoma

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42
Q
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Burkitt lymphoma NHL (starry sky appearance)

t(8;14) => MYC/IGH
t(8;22) => MYC/lambda
t(2;8) => MYC/kappa

43
Q
A

Burkitt lymphoma NHL (Ki-67 stain)

t(8;14) => MYC/IGH
t(8;22) => MYC/lambda
t(2;8) => MYC/kappa

44
Q
A

Burkitt lymphoma NHL sporadic form (ileocecal mass)

t(8;14) => MYC/IGH
t(8;22) => MYC/lambda
t(2;8) => MYC/kappa

45
Q
A

Burkitt lymphoma NHL (starry sky)

46
Q
A

Burkitt lymphoma NHL, endemic form

t(8;14) => MYC/IGH
t(8;22) => MYC/lambda
t(2;8) => MYC/kappa

47
Q
A

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma NHL

t(3;6)

48
Q
A

Mycosis fungoides NHL (oncology equivalent of a burn)

49
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A

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma NHL

t(2;5)

50
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A

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma NHL (CD30+, ALK+)

t(2;5)

51
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A

Classical Reed-Sternberg cell (HL)

52
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A

Reed-Sternberg cell, multinucleated variant (HL)

53
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A

Reed-Sternberg cell, mononuclear variant (HL, mixed cellularity type)

54
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Reed-Sternberg cell, lacunar variant (HL, nodular sclerosis type)

55
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A

Hyaline arteriolosclerosis

56
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Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis

57
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A

Monckeberg medial sclerosis (calcification of media in muscular artery; no effect on lumen; not clinically significant)

58
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Fatty streak (foam cells, T cells, small amounts of extracellular lipid)

59
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Plaque rupture - exposes thrombogenic substances and can induce thrombus formation

60
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Plaque rupture with thrombus formation

61
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Consequence of complicated atherosclerotic lesion: cholesterol embolus in kidney vessel

62
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Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm

63
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A

Aortic dissection, blood splays apart the media to form a channel

64
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A

Aortic dissection

65
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A

2-4 hours post-MI: triphenyltetrazolium chloride-stained section

Pale area indicates lack of LDH due to leakage from dead cells; white scar indicates old infarct

[microscopically, you might see wavy fibers at borders]

66
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A

12 hours post-MI

Microscopic: wavy fibers, pyknosis, hypereosinophilia, hemorrhage

Gross: mottling

67
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A

24 hours post-MI

Microscopic: pyknosis, hypereosinophilia, few neutrophils

[Gross: mottling]

68
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A

1-3 days post-MI

Microscopic: neutrophilic infiltrate, loss of striations and nuclei of myocytes

[Gross: mottling with yellow-tan infarct center]

69
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A

3-7 days post-MI

[Microscopic: phagocytosis at borders, disintegration of myofibers and dying neutrophils]

Gross: hyperemic border, central yellow-tan softening

70
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A

7-10 days post-MI

Microscopic: phagocytosis and early granulation tissue formation

[Gross: depressed red-tan margin, soft yellow-tan center]

71
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A

10-14 days post-MI

Microscopic: trichrome stain shows early collagen deposition; well-established granulation tissue, neovascularization and collagen

[Gross: depressed red-gray infarct borders]

72
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A

2-8 weeks post-MI

Microscopic: collagen deposition, less cellular

Gross: gray-white scar

73
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A

2-8 weeks post-MI

Microscopic: collagen deposition, less cellular

Gross: gray-white scar

74
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A

Reperfusion injury: myocytes with prominent hypereosinophilic cross-striations spanning myofibers (because of hypercontracted sarcomeres)

75
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A

Infective endocarditis

76
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A

Infective endocarditis

77
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Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE)

78
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A

Aortic valve with calcific aortic stenosis

79
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A

Calcific aortic stenosis

80
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A

Bicuspid aortic valve

81
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A

Mitral valve prolapse

82
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A

Mitral valve prolapse

83
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A

Mitral valve prolapse

84
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A

Mitral annular calcification

85
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Mitral stenosis

86
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A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

87
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A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

88
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A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

89
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A

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (heart showing thickened walls; tissue shows a pale “waxy” appearance and consistency - characteristic of amyloidosis

90
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A

Cardiac amyloidosis

91
Q
A

Atrial septal defect, secundum type (defect located at and resulting from a deficient or fenestrated oval fossa); L-to-R shunt

92
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A

Ventral septal defect, membranous type; L-to-R shunt

93
Q
A

Patent ductus arteriosus

94
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A

Tetralogy of Fallot (narrow pulmonary valve, thickening of right ventricular wall, overriding aorta, ventricular septal defect)

95
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A

Transposition of the great vessels

96
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A

Hemopericardium

97
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A

Acute pericarditis (“shaggy” surface)

98
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A

Suppurative pericarditis

99
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A

Caseous pericarditis

100
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A

Myxoma

101
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A

Myxoma

102
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Lipoma

103
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A

Angiosarcoma

Human Disease Systems (11 decks)

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