Pulmonology

Question 0

Surfactant is formed at how many weeks?

Answer 0

24 weeks AOG

Question 1

Physical finding of emphysema?

Answer 1

Barell-shaped chest

Increased FRC

Question 2

Where is the greatest site of airway resistance?

Answer 2

Medium-sized bronchi

Question 3

What is the difference between hypoxemia and hypoxia?

Answer 3

Hypoxemia: decreased arterial PO2
Hypoxia: decreased O2 delivery

Question 4

The reticular formation is found where?

Answer 4

Medullary respiratory center

Question 5

Which part of the medulla is responsible for inspiration? For expiration?

Answer 5

Inspiration: dorsal medulla (vagus and glossopharyngeal)
Expiration: ventral medulla

Question 6

Where is the location of the apneustic center ?

Answer 6

Lower pons

Presents with deep and prolonged inspiratory gasps

Question 7

Where is the location of the pneumotaxic center?

Answer 7

Upper pons (inhibits respiration)

Question 8

What is the Herring-Breuer reflex?

Answer 8

Distention/stretch of lungs > decreased breathing

Question 9

J (juxtacapillary) receptors senses which stimulus?

Answer 9

Pulmonary capillary enlargement > rapid, shallow breathing

Question 10

What condition is associated with “shock lung”?

Answer 10

Adult respiratory distress syndrome

Question 11

What is the definition of chronic bronchitis?

Answer 11

Cough for at least 3 months in at least 2 consecutive years

Question 12

PE X-ray finding: wedge-shaped infarct

Answer 12

Hampton’s hump

Question 13

PE X-ray finding: oligemia in affected lung zone

Answer 13

Westermark’s sign

Question 14

ECG finding in PE

Answer 14

S1Q3T3

Sinus tachycardia

Question 15

Gold standard in diagnosing PE

Answer 15

Angiogram

Question 16

Long term treatment of PE

Answer 16

Warfarin, given at least 6 months

INR goal: 2-3

Question 17

Main locations for lung CA metastases

Answer 17

BLAB: bone, liver, adrenal, brain

Question 18

Mainstay treatment for small cell lung CA?

Answer 18

Chemotherapy and radiation