Pulmonic Valve Flashcards
What is the most common cause of pulmonic stenosis?
congenital
What are all of the causes of pulmonic stenosis?
congenital, rheumatic fever, cardiac tumors
Where can pulmonic stenosis’ be located?
subvalvular, valvular, supravalvular, in branches
What may lead to pulmonary obstruction?
aneurysm of sinus of valsalva
What are the signs and symptoms of pulmonary stenosis?
dyspnea with exertion, JVD, systolic ejection murmur
What are the sonographic findings of pulmonic stenosis?
thickening of leaflets, RV hypertrophy, RA enlargement, RV failure
Is the doppler waveform for pulmonic stenosis above or below baseline?
below
What are the 4 elements of tetralogy of fallot?
- pulmonary stenosis
- overriding aorta
- VSD
- RVH
What are the causes of pulmonary regurg?
PHTN, congenital abnormalities, acquired from pacemaker wires
What are the signs and symptoms of PI?
diastolic murmur, dyspnea
What does color doppler look like on PI?
a tiny red flame moving into the RV during diastole
What are the complications of PI?
increased risk for endocarditis, right heart failure (severe)
What is increased pulmonary arterial pressure called?
PHTN
What are the 2 causes of PHTN?
- reduction in caliber of pulmonary vasculature
- increase in pulmonary blood flow
What are the 2 types of PHTN?
primary and secondary
What type of PHTN is caused by an underlying condition?
secondary
What are the proposed causes of primary PHTN?
Raynaud’s phenomenon, oral contraceptives, thickening/fibrosis of intima of small pulmonary arteries
What are the causes of secondary PHTN?
COPD, mitral stenosis/regurgitation, PE
What are the signs and symptoms of PHTN?
decreased intolerance for exercise, weakness, fatigue, syncope on effort/exertion, occasional angina
What is severe pulmonary vascular resistance that causes blood to shunt from the right to left side of heart through ASD or VSD?
eisenmenger’s syndrome
What are the signs and symptoms of eisenmenger’s syndrome?
SOB, fatigue, lethargy, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, palpitations, cardiac failure
When does eisenmenger’s syndrome develop?
before puberty, RARE!!
