MV Disorders Flashcards
Which MV leaflet is longer?
anterior
Which MV leaflet has extensive papillary muscle attachement?
posterior
What connect papillary muscles to leaflets?
chordae tendinae
What windows can you view the MV in?
PLAX, PSAX, apical 4,2,3 and subcostal
What causes the motion of leaflets?
pressures in LA and LV, velocity and volume of blood flow through valve
What are causes of a disease aka?
etiology
What is the narrowing of the left AV orifice?
MV stenosis
What is the most common cause of MV stenosis?
rheumatic fever
What is it called when the leaflets are bent?
rheumatic fever
What is a cause of MV stenosis common in elderly pts?
severe mitral annular calcification (MAC)
T/F: Congenital anomalies are common causes of MV stenosis.
false
What are the congenital anomalies that can cause MV stenosis?
MV atresia and parachute MV
What is it called when there is an absence of normal opening of the MV?
MV atresia
What is it called when 1 papillary muscle is attached to both leaflets?
parachute MV
What is the most common symptoms of MS?
dyspnea upon exertion / SOB w exercise
What is the 2nd most common symptom of MS?
hemoptysis
What is it called when you cough/spit up blood due to the backup of blood flow into the lungs?
hemoptysis
T/F: chest pain and heart murmurs are symptoms of MS
True
What are some sonographic signs of MS?
visible thickening of leaflets, bending of leaflets. decreased MV area, La enlargement
What are complications of MS?
mitral regurg, LA thrombus, Atrial fibrillation, decreased cardiac output
What is the backward flow of blood into the LA during ventricular systole?
mitral regurgitation
What are the causes of MR?
mitral annulus calcification or dilatation, abnormal leaflets, chordae tendinae, pap muscles
What is the earliest symptom of MR?
fatigue
T/F: Dyspnea upon exertion and orthopnea are symptoms of MR
true
What is it called when you have difficulty breathing while laying flat?
orthopnea
What are the sonographic signs of MR?
enlarged LA and LV
What are the complications of MR?
LA enlargement, increased LA pressure, LA thrombus formation, CHF
What is it called when the MV leaflets flap backwards into the LA?
MV prolapse
What population is MV prolapse most prevalent in?
women under 40
What connective tissue disorders are associated with MV prolapse?
Marfan’s syndrome and lupus
What skeletal disorders are associated with MV prolaspe?
pectus excavatum, pectus carinatum, scoliosis
What is the most common cause of acute severe MR?
ruptured chordae tendinae
