MV Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Which MV leaflet is longer?

A

anterior

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2
Q

Which MV leaflet has extensive papillary muscle attachement?

A

posterior

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3
Q

What connect papillary muscles to leaflets?

A

chordae tendinae

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4
Q

What windows can you view the MV in?

A

PLAX, PSAX, apical 4,2,3 and subcostal

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5
Q

What causes the motion of leaflets?

A

pressures in LA and LV, velocity and volume of blood flow through valve

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6
Q

What are causes of a disease aka?

A

etiology

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7
Q

What is the narrowing of the left AV orifice?

A

MV stenosis

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8
Q

What is the most common cause of MV stenosis?

A

rheumatic fever

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9
Q

What is it called when the leaflets are bent?

A

rheumatic fever

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10
Q

What is a cause of MV stenosis common in elderly pts?

A

severe mitral annular calcification (MAC)

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11
Q

T/F: Congenital anomalies are common causes of MV stenosis.

A

false

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12
Q

What are the congenital anomalies that can cause MV stenosis?

A

MV atresia and parachute MV

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13
Q

What is it called when there is an absence of normal opening of the MV?

A

MV atresia

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14
Q

What is it called when 1 papillary muscle is attached to both leaflets?

A

parachute MV

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15
Q

What is the most common symptoms of MS?

A

dyspnea upon exertion / SOB w exercise

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16
Q

What is the 2nd most common symptom of MS?

A

hemoptysis

17
Q

What is it called when you cough/spit up blood due to the backup of blood flow into the lungs?

A

hemoptysis

18
Q

T/F: chest pain and heart murmurs are symptoms of MS

19
Q

What are some sonographic signs of MS?

A

visible thickening of leaflets, bending of leaflets. decreased MV area, La enlargement

20
Q

What are complications of MS?

A

mitral regurg, LA thrombus, Atrial fibrillation, decreased cardiac output

21
Q

What is the backward flow of blood into the LA during ventricular systole?

A

mitral regurgitation

22
Q

What are the causes of MR?

A

mitral annulus calcification or dilatation, abnormal leaflets, chordae tendinae, pap muscles

23
Q

What is the earliest symptom of MR?

24
Q

T/F: Dyspnea upon exertion and orthopnea are symptoms of MR

25
What is it called when you have difficulty breathing while laying flat?
orthopnea
26
What are the sonographic signs of MR?
enlarged LA and LV
27
What are the complications of MR?
LA enlargement, increased LA pressure, LA thrombus formation, CHF
28
What is it called when the MV leaflets flap backwards into the LA?
MV prolapse
29
What population is MV prolapse most prevalent in?
women under 40
30
What connective tissue disorders are associated with MV prolapse?
Marfan's syndrome and lupus
31
What skeletal disorders are associated with MV prolaspe?
pectus excavatum, pectus carinatum, scoliosis
32
What is the most common cause of acute severe MR?
ruptured chordae tendinae