Cardiac Anatomy Flashcards
Where is the heart located?
middle mediastinum within thoracic cavity, behind sternum, between 2nd and 6th ribs
What are the layers of the pericardium?
Fibrous (outer) and serous (inner) pericardium
What are the layers of the serous pericardium?
- parietal
- visceral (adheres to outside of heart)
What is the pericardial space?
space between parietal and visceral layer, contains clear lubricant
What is normal amount of liquid in pericardial space?
20-40ml
What is the epicardium?
-outer layer of heart
-aka visceral layer
-covers surface of heart
What is the myocardium?
-center layer of heart
-muscular tissue
-pumping mechanism
What is the endocardium?
-lines inside of heart
-thin layer of endothelium and connective tissue
What does the endocardium include?
-heart wall
-valves
-chordae tendinae
-papillary muscle
What is the order of the layers of the heart? (in to out)
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium aka visceral (inner layer ofserous)
Pericardial cavity
Parietal pericarium (outer layer of serous)
Fibrous pericardium
What is normal RA pressure?
0-8mmhg
LOW PRESSURE
Where does the RA receive blood from?
deoxygenated blood from body
What vessels empty into RA?
- SVC
- IVC
- Coronary Sinus
Where does the SVC drain blood from?
upper body, enters heart superiorly
Where does the IVC drain blood from?
abdomen and LE, enters heart inferiorly
Where does the coronary sinus drain blood from?
myocardium, enters heart posteriorly
What is the most anterior chamber of the heart?
RV
What is the normal pressure of the RV?
Peak systole: 16-30mmhg
End diastole: 0-8mmhg
What is the RV landmark?
moderator band
What is the moderator band?
septum in LV that separates inflow and outflow tracts
What is the RVIT?
-region where blood is flowing into ventricle
-begins at tricuspid valve and extends into RV
What does the RVIT consist of?
-valve annulus
-papillary muscle
-chordae tendinae
What is the RVOT?
-region where blood flow is out
-known as INFUNDIBULUM
-extends from RV to PV
What is the most posterior chamber of the heart?
LA
What is normal pressure in the LA?
0-12mmhg
Where does the LA receive blood from?
receives oxygenated blood from lungs via pulmonary veins
What is the most important chamber of the heart?
LV
What is normal pressure in the LV?
peak systole: 100-140mmhg
end diastole: 3-12mmhg
What is the LVIT?
-region where blood is flowing into the ventricle
-begins at mitral valve and extends into LV
What does the LVIT consist of?
-valve annulus
-papillary muscle
-chordae tendinae
What is the IAS?
thin wall that separates RA and LA
What is the IVS?
separates left and right ventricles
What are the 2 components of the IVS?
Membranous and muscular
What are the categories of valves?
atrioventricular and semilunar
What are the AV valve names?
tricuspid and mitral
What does the tricuspid valve seperate?
RA and RV
What does the mitral valve separate?
LA and LV
What do valves consist of?
-annulus and connective tissue
-valvular leaflets
-chordae tendinae
-paillary muscles
When do valves open?
when atrial pressure exceeds ventricular pressure (diastole)
What are the semilunar valve names?
pulmonic and aortic
What does the pulmonic valve connect?
RV and PA, located in FRONT
What does the aortic valve connect?
LV and Aorta, posterior
What is the sinus of valsalva?
gives rise to 2 coronary arteries, located just above AoV cusps
What does the pulmonary artery do?
carries deoxygenated blood from RV to lungs to get oxygen
What does the aorta do?
carries oxygenated blood from LV to body
What are the branches of the aortic arch?
- Brachiocephalic aka innominate
- Left CCA
- Left Subclavian
What is the flow of blood in the heart?
SVC/IVC
RA
Tricuspid Valve
RV
Pulmonary Valve
L+R Pulmonary Arteries
Lungs (oxygenate blood)
Pulmonary Veins
LA
Mitral Valve
LV
AoV
Aorta
Body
What are the phases of the cardiac cycle?
1: atrial depolarization/contraction
2: isovolumetric contraction
3: rapid ejection
4: reduced ejection
5: isovolumetric relaxation
6: ventricular filling
What does the P wave represent?
atrial depolarization
What does the QRS wave represent?
ventricular depolarization
What does the T wave represent?
ventricular repolarization
