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Echo > Cardiac Anatomy > Flashcards

Cardiac Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

middle mediastinum within thoracic cavity, behind sternum, between 2nd and 6th ribs

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2
Q

What are the layers of the pericardium?

A

Fibrous (outer) and serous (inner) pericardium

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3
Q

What are the layers of the serous pericardium?

A
  1. parietal
  2. visceral (adheres to outside of heart)
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4
Q

What is the pericardial space?

A

space between parietal and visceral layer, contains clear lubricant

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5
Q

What is normal amount of liquid in pericardial space?

A

20-40ml

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6
Q

What is the epicardium?

A

-outer layer of heart
-aka visceral layer
-covers surface of heart

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6
Q

What is the myocardium?

A

-center layer of heart
-muscular tissue
-pumping mechanism

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7
Q

What is the endocardium?

A

-lines inside of heart
-thin layer of endothelium and connective tissue

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8
Q

What does the endocardium include?

A

-heart wall
-valves
-chordae tendinae
-papillary muscle

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9
Q

What is the order of the layers of the heart? (in to out)

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium aka visceral (inner layer ofserous)
Pericardial cavity
Parietal pericarium (outer layer of serous)
Fibrous pericardium

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10
Q

What is normal RA pressure?

A

0-8mmhg
LOW PRESSURE

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11
Q

Where does the RA receive blood from?

A

deoxygenated blood from body

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12
Q

What vessels empty into RA?

A
  1. SVC
  2. IVC
  3. Coronary Sinus
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13
Q

Where does the SVC drain blood from?

A

upper body, enters heart superiorly

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14
Q

Where does the IVC drain blood from?

A

abdomen and LE, enters heart inferiorly

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15
Q

Where does the coronary sinus drain blood from?

A

myocardium, enters heart posteriorly

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16
Q

What is the most anterior chamber of the heart?

A

RV

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17
Q

What is the normal pressure of the RV?

A

Peak systole: 16-30mmhg
End diastole: 0-8mmhg

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18
Q

What is the RV landmark?

A

moderator band

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19
Q

What is the moderator band?

A

septum in LV that separates inflow and outflow tracts

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20
Q

What is the RVIT?

A

-region where blood is flowing into ventricle
-begins at tricuspid valve and extends into RV

21
Q

What does the RVIT consist of?

A

-valve annulus
-papillary muscle
-chordae tendinae

22
Q

What is the RVOT?

A

-region where blood flow is out
-known as INFUNDIBULUM
-extends from RV to PV

23
Q

What is the most posterior chamber of the heart?

A

LA

24
Q

What is normal pressure in the LA?

A

0-12mmhg

25
Q

Where does the LA receive blood from?

A

receives oxygenated blood from lungs via pulmonary veins

26
Q

What is the most important chamber of the heart?

A

LV

27
Q

What is normal pressure in the LV?

A

peak systole: 100-140mmhg
end diastole: 3-12mmhg

28
Q

What is the LVIT?

A

-region where blood is flowing into the ventricle
-begins at mitral valve and extends into LV

29
Q

What does the LVIT consist of?

A

-valve annulus
-papillary muscle
-chordae tendinae

30
Q

What is the IAS?

A

thin wall that separates RA and LA

31
Q

What is the IVS?

A

separates left and right ventricles

32
Q

What are the 2 components of the IVS?

A

Membranous and muscular

33
Q

What are the categories of valves?

A

atrioventricular and semilunar

34
Q

What are the AV valve names?

A

tricuspid and mitral

35
Q

What does the tricuspid valve seperate?

A

RA and RV

36
Q

What does the mitral valve separate?

A

LA and LV

37
Q

What do valves consist of?

A

-annulus and connective tissue
-valvular leaflets
-chordae tendinae
-paillary muscles

38
Q

When do valves open?

A

when atrial pressure exceeds ventricular pressure (diastole)

39
Q

What are the semilunar valve names?

A

pulmonic and aortic

40
Q

What does the pulmonic valve connect?

A

RV and PA, located in FRONT

41
Q

What does the aortic valve connect?

A

LV and Aorta, posterior

42
Q

What is the sinus of valsalva?

A

gives rise to 2 coronary arteries, located just above AoV cusps

43
Q

What does the pulmonary artery do?

A

carries deoxygenated blood from RV to lungs to get oxygen

44
Q

What does the aorta do?

A

carries oxygenated blood from LV to body

45
Q

What are the branches of the aortic arch?

A
  1. Brachiocephalic aka innominate
  2. Left CCA
  3. Left Subclavian
46
Q

What is the flow of blood in the heart?

A

SVC/IVC
RA
Tricuspid Valve
RV
Pulmonary Valve
L+R Pulmonary Arteries
Lungs (oxygenate blood)
Pulmonary Veins
LA
Mitral Valve
LV
AoV
Aorta
Body

47
Q

What are the phases of the cardiac cycle?

A

1: atrial depolarization/contraction
2: isovolumetric contraction
3: rapid ejection
4: reduced ejection
5: isovolumetric relaxation
6: ventricular filling

48
Q

What does the P wave represent?

A

atrial depolarization

49
Q

What does the QRS wave represent?

A

ventricular depolarization

50
Q

What does the T wave represent?

A

ventricular repolarization

Echo (4 decks)

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