pulmonary vascular disease Flashcards
1
Q
risk factors for venous thrombosis
A
- Recent major trauma
- Recent surgery
- Cancer
- Significant cardiopulmonary disease e.g. MI
- Pregnancy
- Inherited thrombophilia
2
Q
symptoms of pulmonary embolism
A
- Pleuriticchest pain, cough and haemoptysis
- Isolated acute dyspnoea
- Syncope or cardiac arrest (massive PE)
3
Q
signs of pulmonary embolisms
A
- Pyrexia, pleural rub, stony dullness to percussion at base (pleural effusion)
- Tachycardia, tachypnoea, hypoxia
- Tachycardia, hypotension, tachypnoea, hypoxia
4
Q
tests to tell probability of PE
A
Wells Score
Revised Geneva Score
5
Q
main PE investigations
A
CT Pulmonary Angiogram (CTPA)
6
Q
PE treatment
A
- Oxygen
- Low molecular weight heparin e.g. dalteparin
- Warfarin
- Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOAC)–rivaroxaban, apixaban
- Thrombolysis–Alteplase (rt-PA)
- Pulmonary Embolectomy
7
Q
pulmonary hypertension
A
- Elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary arterial tree.
- Defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure of > 25 mmHg
.•Either primary or secondary to other conditions
8
Q
group 1 causes of hypertension
A
idiopathic
9
Q
group 2 causes of hypertension
A
secondary to left heart disease
10
Q
group 3 causes of hypertension
A
secondary to chronic respiratory disease
11
Q
group 4 causes of hypertension
A
chronic thromboembolic PH
12
Q
group 5 causes of hypertension
A
sarcoidosis
13
Q
symptoms of pulmonary hypertension
A
- Exertional dyspnoea
- Chest tightness
- Exertional presyncope or syncope
- Haemoptysis
14
Q
signs of pulmonary hypertension
A
- Elevated JVP
- Right ventricular heave
- Loud pulmonary second heart sound
- Hepatomegaly
- Ankle oedema
15
Q
main investigation for pulmonary hypertension
A
echocardiography
