obstructive airway diseases

Question 1

PEFR and FEV1/FVC in obstructive lung diseases

Answer 1

There is AIRFLOW LIMITATION
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is reduced
FEV1 is REDUCED
FVC may be reduced
•FEV1 is less than 70% of FVC

Question 2

Complicated chronic bronchitis is when

Answer 2

sputum turns mucopurulent (acute infective exacerbation) or FEV1 falls

Question 3

large airway changes in chronic bronchitis

Answer 3

• Mucous gland hyperplasia
• Goblet cell hyperplasia
• Inflammation and fibrosis is a minor component

Question 4

small airway changes in chronic bronchitis

Answer 4

• Goblet cells appear

* Inflammation and fibrosis in long standing disease

Question 5

what’s emphysema

Answer 5

Increase beyond the normal in the size of airspaces distal to the terminal bronchiole arising either from

dilatation

or from destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis.

Question 6

CENTRIACINAR emphysema

Answer 6

Begins with bronchiolar dilatation

Then alveolar tissue is lost

Question 7

centriacinar vs panacinar vs periaciner

Answer 7

centri = in odd spots across lung

pan = all in a particular area

peri = around edges

Question 8

whats a bulla

Answer 8

an emphysematous space greater than 1cm

can cause a pneumothorax

Question 9

whats a bleb

Answer 9

a bulla just under the pleura

Question 10

how does COPD cause hypoxia

Answer 10

• Airway Obstruction
• Alveolar Hypoventilation
• Reduced Respiratory Drive
• Diffusion Impairment
• Loss of Alveolar Surface Area
• Shunt -Only during severe acute infective exacerbation

Question 11

how does cor pulmonale happen

Answer 11

when alveoli lack O2 blood vessels constrict
eventually leading to pulmonary hypertension

so right ventricle has to work a lot harder to get blood to fill lung- causing right sided hypertrophy

Question 12

spirometry can be used to diagnose

Answer 12

obstructive airway diseases