developmental aspects of lung disease Flashcards
laryngomalacia presents with
“floppy airways”
stridor, worse with feeding or when upset/excited
Will improve within first year
tracheomalacia causes
“floppy trachea”
- Associated with genetic conditions
- May be caused by external compression (e.g vessels, tumour)
tracheomalacia presentation
- Barking cough
- Recurrent “croup”
- Breathless on exertion
- Stridor/wheeze
tracheomalacia management
physio and antibiotics when unwell
Natural history resolution with time
Tracheo-oesphageal fistula presentation and treatment
- Choking
- Colour change
- Cough with feeding
- Unable to pass NG
surgery
Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM) definition and treatment
abnormal lung tissue
- May resolve spontaneously in utero
- Conservative management if asymptomatic
- Surgical intervention may be required
- Possible risk of malignant change
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
most types are Bochdalek
Usually left side > right side
- Management surgical repair
- Prognosis depends on degree of lung hypoplasia
Transient Tachypnoea of Newborn
occurs in healthy term infants born by caesarean
improves in 1-2 days
treatment of RDS
- Antenatal steroids- for mother
- Surfactant replacement
- Appropriate ventilation and nutrition
what’s remodelling
Alteration of airway structure following external influence
•Environmental exposures
•Chronic diseases of childhood
•Infection
Leads to abnormalities due to interference of inter-cellular signalling
remodelling in asthma and chronic lung disease of prematurity can lead to
Chronic inflammation •Increased bronchial responsiveness •Increase mucus secretion •Airway oedema •Airway narrowing
at what week is surfactant adequate
36 weeks
