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YR 1 Respiratory > anatomy of resp system > Flashcards

anatomy of resp system Flashcards

1
Q

The thoracic inlet is bounded by x4

A

The first thoracic vertebra (T1) posteriorly.

The first pair of ribs laterally.

The costal cartilage of the first rib

the superior border of the manubrium anteriorly.

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2
Q

The thoracic outlet is bounded by

A

12th thoracic vertebra posteriorly.
11th and 12th pairs of ribs laterally.
Costal cartilages of ribs 7 through 10 and xiphisternal joint anteriorly

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3
Q

where does manubrium sit in relation to vertebrae

A

T2-T3

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4
Q

where does the sternal angle sit in relation to the vertebrae

A

T4-T5

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5
Q

first rib articular facet

A

only 1 point

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6
Q

ribs articulate with vertebrae

A

of same number and the one above

(ABOVE WILL BE SMALLER NUMBER)
rib 5 attaches to T5 and T4

with head of rib to the body of vertebra

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7
Q

name of joint between rib and vertebra

A

costovertebral

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8
Q

what type of joint is th costovertebral

A

synovial plane

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9
Q

the tubercle of rib articulates with

A

transeverse process of vertebra of same number

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10
Q

name of tubercle to transverse process joint

A

costotransverse

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11
Q

what type of joint is costotransvers

A

synovial plane

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12
Q

first sternocostal joint type

A

(between first rib and vertebrae)

primary cartilaginous

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13
Q

what vertebral level is the xyphoid process

A

9th

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14
Q

what level is sternomanubrial joint

A

5th

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15
Q

main sternalcostal joint type

A

synovial plane

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16
Q

true ribs

A

1 - 7

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17
Q

false ribs

A

8-10

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18
Q

floating ribs

A

11 + 12

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19
Q

how to get intercostal space number

A

same number as rib above

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20
Q

where is neurovascuar bundle found

A

costal groove

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21
Q

chest wall dermatomes correspond with

A

intercostal space at and below dermatome

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22
Q

7 major lymph nodes

A
  1. root of the upper limb (axillary)
  2. root of the lower limb (superficial and deep inguinal)
  3. around the pectoralis major muscle/breast (pectoral)
  4. bifurcation of trachea in thorax (tracheobronchial)
  5. the hilum of the lungs (bronchomediastinal)
  6. around root of arteries in the abdomen and pelvis (lumbar/pelvic)
  7. and as superficial and deep groups in head and neck (superficial cervical and deep
    cervical)
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23
Q

where can lymph nodes often be found

A

large veins

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24
Q

where does most breast lymph drain

A 
anterior (pectoral) group of axillary
lymph nodes (the sentinel node/s)
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25
Q

what vertebrae does the left crura attatch

A

L1-L2

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26
Q

what vertebrae does the right crura attatch

A

l1- l3

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27
Q

which costal cartilages does the diaphragm attach

A

lower 6

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28
Q

what part of the sternum does the diaphragm attach to

A

xyphoid process

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29
Q

where does hiatus for inferior vena cava occur

A

T8-9

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30
Q

where does hiatus for oesophogus vena cava occur

A

T10

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31
Q

where does hiatus for aorta occur

A

T12

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32
Q

main nerve supplying diaphragm motor and sensory

A

phrenic

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33
Q

sensory nerve supplying peripheral diaphragm

A

intercostal nerves

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34
Q

spinal root values of phrenic nerve

A

C3 C4 C5

“keep the diaphragm alive”

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35
Q

damage to phrenic nerve

A

will cause paralysis of of dome of diaphragm

but can be compensated by intercostal muscles

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36
Q

upper respiratory tract includes

A

nose

pharynx

larynx

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37
Q

whats the larynx

A

a set of cartilages, membranes and ligaments which produce sound from expired air
(“voice-box”) and protects the inlet to the respiratory system.

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38
Q

larynx placement

A

continuous inferiorly with the trachea at C6.

anteriorly related to the pharynx (= “throat”).

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39
Q

lower respiratory tract includes

A

trachea, the primary bronchi and their branches, the

bronchioles, and alveoli,

40
Q

LRT sympathetic

A

pulmonary plexuses located at the termination of the main bronchi,

41
Q

LRT parasympathetic

A

from the vagus nerve

42
Q

LRT sensory fibres reach the spinal cord via

A

both the sympathetic

and parasympathetic nerves

43
Q

LRT blood supply

A

bronchial arteries arising from the thoracic aorta and intercostal arteries,

while the bronchial veins drain to the azygos venous
system

44
Q

trachea position

A

inferior continuation of the larynx at C6

through the thoracic inlet, to vertebra T4 (sternal angle), where it bifurcates into the left and
right main bronchi.

45
Q

Name the muscle that completes the tracheal ring posteriorly

A

trachialis muscle

46
Q

The keel-shaped cartilage ring at the bifurcation of the trachea called the

A

carina

47
Q

Lying immediately lateral to the trachea in the neck are the

A

common carotid arteries

48
Q

The nerve lying immediately lateral to the trachea on both sides is the

A

vagus nerve

49
Q

what provides motor and sensory inervation to larynx

A

recurrent laryngeal nerves (branches of vagus)

50
Q

At what vertebral level does the trachea divide into the two main bronchi?

A

t4-5

51
Q

bronchi that most often aspirates

A

right

While the left main bronchus enters the lung before giving off its branches,

the right main bronchus gives off a superior branch just before entering the right lung.
This branch is known as the eparterial or superior lobar bronchus (the inferiorly placed main bronchus then being called the hyparterial bronchus).

52
Q

bronchiole structure

A

NO cartilage or glands

increased smooth muscle and elastic fibres

53
Q

Hilum

A

the area on the medial surface of the lung through which structures enter or leave the lung

54
Q

root

A

The structures which enter and leave the lung at the hilum are known collectively as the root of the
lung

55
Q

right lung only features

A

 middle lobe (wholly anteriorly situated between the transverse and oblique fissures)

 transverse fissure

 superior lobar (eparterial) bronchus. (The inferior bronchus is then called the hyparterial bronchus)

56
Q

left lung only features

A

cardiac impression
aortic impression
cardiac notch
lingula

57
Q

lymphatic drainage of lungs

A

drain into the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes

From here, lymphatics pass to the tracheobronchial nodes

which drain eventually into the thoracic duct (left) and right lymphatic duct

58
Q

Which layer of the pleura is sensitive to pain?

A

parietal

59
Q

Which nerve(s) supplies pain sensation to the pleura

A

intercostal

60
Q

the………………………………………………………. pleura lies on the superior surface of the
diaphragm

A

diaphragmtic

61
Q

the……………………………………………………. pleura lines the inner surfaces of the ribs and
sternum

A

costal

62
Q

the ………….. covers the apex of the lungs in the root of the neck

A

apical pleura

63
Q

the …….. lines the structures situated between the two pleural cavities - the
mediastinum

A

mediastinal pleura

64
Q

whats pleural reflection

A

parietal pleura lining one surface of the chest wall

changes its direction to line another surface,

65
Q

name of pleural reflection from inner surface of the ribs onto the superior surface of the diaphragm

A

costodiaphragmatic

66
Q

name of pleural reflection from

the inner surface of the ribs posteriorly to lie on either side of the pericardium of the heart –

A

costomediastinal

67
Q

whats a pleural recess

A

where the parietal pleura is more widely separated from the visceral pleura during expiration

has same name as reflection

usueful for aspiration

68
Q

innervation of parietal pleura

A

phrenic nerve supplies the mediastinal and diaphragmatic parietal pleura over the domes.

the periphery is supplied by the lower 6 intercostal nerves

69
Q

visceral pleura innervation

A

only autonomic innervation

pulmonary plexus -sympathetic and parasympathetic - vagus

70
Q

At which vertebral level does the trachea start and end?

A

C6

T4

71
Q

At which vertebral level does the trachea bifurcate into the 2 main bronchi

A

T5

72
Q

Structure of extrapulmonary tubes (trachea and

bronchi outside of the lung),

A

lumen to outside of tube:

Mucosa, Submucosa, Smooth Muscle and Cartilage, Adventitia

73
Q

mucosa is made of

A

respiratory epithelium and a thin loose

connective tissue layer called the lamina propria

74
Q

connetive tissue type in trachea and bronchi

A

lamina propia

75
Q

Which type of cartilage (hyaline, fibro-, elastic) is found in the respiratory tract?

A

hyaline

76
Q

Which connective tissue fibre (collagen, fibrous, elastic, reticular) predominates in the respiratory tract?

A

fibrous

77
Q

what type of epithelium is respiratory epithelium and cell types

A

cilated collumnar

cilliated cells and goblet cells

78
Q

What is the name given to the smooth muscle found in the posterior wall of the trachea

A

trachealis

79
Q

What type of cartilage is found in the trachea and what shape does it form?

A

cricoid

horseshoe

80
Q

what is diagnostic for tertiary (intrapulmonary) bronchus

A

The presence and the
discontinuous arrangement
of the hyaline cartilage

81
Q

epithelium in bronchioles

A

low columnar (larger bronchioles) or cuboidal (smaller bronchioles)

82
Q

bronchiole surfactant producing cells

A

Clara (Club) cells

83
Q

Proportionately significant increase of which tissue is in a bronchiole

A

smooth muscle

84
Q

alveoli cell types

A

Type 1- squamous gas diffusion

Type 2- surfactant

macrophages

85
Q

what landmarks does the sternal angle help show

A

bifurcation of trachea

level of second costal cartilage (2nd rib)

86
Q

what order do intercostal vessels sit

A

VAN

vein on top
artery
nerve

87
Q

where do intercostal vessels sit

A

between internal and innermost

88
Q

intercostal nerves are

A

the ventral ramus of spinal nerves

89
Q

where should needle be inserted in ribs to drain pleura

A

at top end to avoid nerves

90
Q

where does the oblique fissure occur

A

rib 6

91
Q

horizontal fissure on right lung occurs at

A

rib 4

92
Q

phrenic nerve values

A

C3, C4, C5

92
Q

phrenic nerve values

A

C3, C4, C5

93
Q

The inferior border of the lung corresponds to which rib in the midaxillary line?

A

Rib 8

94
Q

The inferior border of the plaura

A

rib 12

YR 1 Respiratory (15 decks)

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