Pulmonary Phys Flashcards
3 most important structures of the Respiratory System:
Lungs, Muscles for respiration, Brain
Lungs do what?
Take O2 into body for ATP energy production.
Gas exchange with CO2 (breathe out)
what is the muscles of Respiration?
skeletal muscle via the diaphragm, inhale/ exhale (move air = ventilation)
How does the brain control respiration?
(medulla & pons) control & change respirations
The Upper Respiratory Tract consists of what structures?
Nasal cavity, Pharynx, Larynx
The Lower Respiratory Tract consists of what structures?
Nasal cavity, Pharynx, Larynx
Function of Mucosa:
Protection, Immune Support, Lubricant
How does Mucosa provide Immune Support?
Mechanically capture debris
Presence of “mucins” (proteoglycans)
Bacterial interface
Pharynx-
throat
Larynx-
hyoid bone, Epiglottis, voice
Trachea-
supportive C-ring cartilage allowing to be constantly open (esophagus behind)
Bronchi right and left variartions-
Rt. longer & straighter 3 lobes, Lft. 2 lobes angled and smaller (b/c heart)
**aspirates typically end up on the RT side
Bronchioles-
branching smooth muscle
Alveoli-
thin membrane sacs
Sacs that increase surface area, but also increases surface tension- thus produce surfactant
surrounded by capillaries allowing for gas exchange
Alveoli
Pleura-
encapsulates lungs: partial, visceral, pleural cavity.
Where are the 3 primary serous membranes found in the lung?
Parietal pleura (outer wall), pleura cavity (air compartment), Viseral pleura (inner wall)
serous membranes
membranes lining closed internal body cavities
Muscles of inspiration
Diaphragm External intercostals (secondary)
Muscles of forced expiration
Rectus abdominus
Internal intercostal muscles (secondary)
Ventilation
Mechanical movement of gas or air into and out of the lungs
Minute volume
Ventilatory rate multiplied by the volume of air per breath
amount of air you have moved/ min
Alveolar ventilation
The exchange of gas between the alveoli and the external environment. It is the process by which oxygen is brought into the lungs from the atmosphere and by which the carbon dioxide carried into the lungs in the mixed venous blood is expelled from the body.
what does Surfactant do for the alveoli?
relieve Alveolar surface tension
eg: the balloon analogy from lecture