Cardi Phys Flashcards
Which side of the heart is responsible for Pulmonary circulation
Pumps blood through the lungs back the heart
under lower pressure
Right side
Which side of the heart is responsible for Systemic circulation
Pumps blood through the entire body
Under greater pressure b/c it has more structures and a further distance to push blood
Left side
What is the name of the cavity where the heart sits in thorax
Mediastinal
Describe the layers of the heart wall (3)
1) Double wall Pericardium:
Parietal Layer (outer most fibrous layer)
Pericardial cavity and fluid
Visceral layer (hugs the heart) aka epicardium
2) Myocardium (the cardiac muscle)
3) Endocardium (lines the internal chambers of the heart and the valves extend off of it)
what are the 2 Atrioventricular valves (separate the atria from ventricles)
Tricuspid valve- right
Mitral (bicuspid) valve- left, under greater pressure to prevent blood flowing back into the left atrium
What position should the AV valves be in for systole/ diastole?
AV valves should be closed during systole to prevent back flow in the atrium.
Open during diastole to allow for blood to pass into ventricles.
what are the 2 Semilunar valves
Pulmonic semilunar valve
Aortic semilunar valve
What position should the semilunar valves be in for systole/ diastole?
Semilunar valves should be open during systole to allow blood to move out into the body tissues.
Closed during diastole to allow for filling and to prevent blood flowing in from the ventricles
Right coronary artery: function and the 3 branches
branch off of the aorta and supplies the heart with fuel
Conus
Right marginal branch
Posterior descending branch
Left coronary artery: function and the 2 branches
Left anterior descending artery (LAD feeds the majority of the Lft. heart muscle, can lead to widow-maker, MI)
Circumflex artery
Coronary Arteries function
Feed the heart muscle cells
Coronary veins function
drain blood to the right atrium
3 Coronary veins
Coronary sinus: sits at the back of the heart and drains back into right atrium
Great cardiac vein
Posterior vein of the left ventricle
What are the 4 The Great Vessels
1) Superior venae cavae and inferior venae cavae
2) Pulmonary artery
3) Pulmonary veins
4) Aorta
Superior/ inferior venae cavae function
Superior: drains the head, neck and arms.
Inferior: drains trunk and legs.
Both brings blood back to RA.
Pulmonary artery function
Right and left pulmonary arteries (right and left lung)
Arteries that carry de-oxygenated blood to lungs
Pulmonary veins function
carry oxygenated blood to the heart
Aorta function
sends oxygenated blood to the systemic system
Which ventricle is under great pressure, right or left? Why?
The Lft. ventricle generates about 5X the pressure that the Rt. ventricle does. This is due to the difference in distance blood has to be pumped from the Lft. (systemic) compared to the Rt. (lungs)
List the pathway of nodes/ fibers of the Conduction system? (5)
Sinoatrial node (SA) Upper Rt. Atrium
Atrioventricular node (AV)
Bundle of His (AV bundle)
Right and left bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
Sinoatrial node (SA) Upper Rt. Atrium function
pacemaker cells, can generate and initiate their own action potential. Wave of depolarization across top (atrium) and down the heart (contraction)
Atrioventricular node (AV) function
slow down the impulse to allow atrium to fully contract before ventricles contract. This allows verticals to fully fill
Bundle of His (AV bundle) function
speed up impulse
Purkinje fibers function
Talk to individual ventricles to contract from the bottom up. Forcing blood out of the aorta and into the pulmonary trunk