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Cardiopulmonary > Pulmonary Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pulmonary Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the meds used for asthma and COPD?

A

Anti inflammatory agents and bronchodilators

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2
Q

What are medications that stimulate the adrenergic receptors referred to as?

A

Sympathomimetics (adrenergic)

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3
Q

What are medications that inhibit adrenergic receptors referred to as?

A

Sympatholytics (anti-adrenergic)

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4
Q

What are medications that stimulate cholinergic receptors referred to as?

A

Parasympathomimetics (cholinergic)

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5
Q

What are medications that inhibit cholinergic receptors referred to as?

A

Parasympatholytics (anti-cholinergic)

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6
Q

What do adrenergic medications do?

A

Stimulate sympathetic receptors (vasoconstriction)

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7
Q

Where is beta 2 found?

A

Lungs

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8
Q

What do cholinergic medications do?

A

Bronchodilation and vasodilation in vessels of skeletal muscles but without input to beta receptors

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9
Q

What are the types of beta 2 agonists?

A

Long acting beta agonists (LABA)

Fast acting (SABA)

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10
Q

What is the time frame of long acting beta agonists?

A

30 minutes to become effective

Lasts 12 hours

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11
Q

What do LABAs function as?

A

Maintenance bronchodilator

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12
Q

What are LABAs not for?

A

Acute Dyspnea

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13
Q

How often should LABAs be dosed?

A

2 puffs twice daily

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14
Q

What are types of LABAs?

A

Salmeterol (serevent)

Foradil

Brovana

Perforomist

Arcapta maleate

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15
Q

What is the advantage of beta 2 agonists over other sympathomimetics?

A

Affect lungs without affecting peripheral or cardiac receptors

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16
Q

What is the effect of beta 2 agonists?

A

Relax smooth muscle by increasing cAMP levels

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17
Q

When should SABA be used?

A

For emergency or exercise

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18
Q

What is the timeframe of SABA?

A

<5 min

Lasts 4-6 hours

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19
Q

When is SABA commonly used?

A

With asthma (especially an asthma attack)

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20
Q

What is the dosage of SABA?

A

2-4 puffs

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21
Q

What happens if you frequently use SABA?

A

Decreases effectiveness

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22
Q

How can SABAs be delivered?

A

Inhaler or nebulizer

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23
Q

What are names of SABAs?

A

Albuterol

Ventolin

Provetil

Proair

Xopenix

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24
Q

What are parasympatholytic (anti-cholinergic) drugs often referred to as?

A

Muscarinic antagonist (SAMA or LAMA)

25
What do parasympatholytic (anti-cholinergic) drugs do?
Block parasympathetic actions by blocking AcH from binding to muscarinic receptors
26
What are names of parasympatholytic (anti-cholinergic) drugs?
Atropine Ipratropium (inhaled) Tiatropium (inhaled) Tudorza pressair
27
What is the downside of atropine?
Absorbed into systemic system and causes depression and hallucinations
28
What are combination meds used for?
So someone does not have to use 2 inhalers
29
What are types combination meds?
Combivent or duoneb (ipratroptium + albuterol) Stiolto (tiotropium+olodaterol)
30
What are methylxanthines?
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (block inactivation of cAMP)
31
What are methylxanthines believed to do?
Inhibit prostaglandin, block adenosine receptors, and enhance endogenous catecholamine level
32
What are side effects of methylxanthines?
Increased myocardial workload Increased risk of ventricular dysrhythmias May cause diuresis
33
How are anti inflammatory used?
Inhaled (local effect) Ingested (systemic effect)
34
What are anti inflammatories used for?
Long term control
35
What are side effects of anti-inflammatories?
Throat thrush if you do not rinse mouth after using ICS
36
What are oral anti-inflammatories (steroids)?
Prednisone, deltasone, orasone Prednisolone (pediapred) Methylprednisolone (medrol)
37
What are adverse effects of anti-inflammatory medications?
Immunosupression GI disturbance Insomnia Osteoporosis Growth retardation Hyperglycemia (steroid induced diabetes) Cushing syndrome
38
How do you avoid adverse affects when taking anti-inflammatories?
Inhale them rather than orally take them
39
What side effects does LABA have?
Sympathetic
40
What do leukotriene inhibitors do?
Promote neutrophil-endothelial interactions, induce bronchospasm, and increase airway hyperresponsiveness
41
What are leukotriene inhibitors used to treat?
Asthma and allergies
42
What are types of leukotriene inhibitors?
Singulair Accolate Zyflo LTD4
43
What are side effects of leukotriene inhibitors?
Headaches and fatigue
44
What is dosage of oxygen dependent on?
Developed based on arterial blood gases
45
When should you initiate oxygen in a patient?
When SpO2 < 88% or PaO2 < 55%
46
What is the best medication for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
Esbriet (pirfenidone) which has anti fibrotic and anti inflammatory processes
47
What are side effects of Esbriet (pirfenidone)?
GI and photosensitivity
48
What is a medication used to treat cystic fibrosis?
Trikafta (ivacaftor)
49
How does Trikafta (ivacaftor) help treat cystic fibrosis?
Helps defective CTFR protein found in CF function more effectively
50
What are side effects of Trikafta (ivacaftor)?
Flu Headache Upper respiratory tract infection Abdominal pain
51
What do decongestants do?
Treat upper airway mucosal edema and discharge
52
What do antihistamines do?
Decrease mucosal congestion, irritation, and discharge caused by inhaled allergens
53
What are antitussive meds used for?
Sedation (cough suppressants for night time use)
54
What do mucokinetics promote?
Mobilization and removal of secretions
55
What do mucolytics do?
Decrease viscosity
56
What do expectorants do?
Increases production of respiratory secretions
57
What do wetting agents do?
Humidify and lubricate secretions
58
What do surface active agents do?
Stabilize aerosol droplets

Cardiopulmonary (20 decks)

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