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Cardiopulmonary > Pulmonary Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pulmonary Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the meds used for asthma and COPD?

A

Anti inflammatory agents and bronchodilators

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2
Q

What are medications that stimulate the adrenergic receptors referred to as?

A

Sympathomimetics (adrenergic)

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3
Q

What are medications that inhibit adrenergic receptors referred to as?

A

Sympatholytics (anti-adrenergic)

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4
Q

What are medications that stimulate cholinergic receptors referred to as?

A

Parasympathomimetics (cholinergic)

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5
Q

What are medications that inhibit cholinergic receptors referred to as?

A

Parasympatholytics (anti-cholinergic)

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6
Q

What do adrenergic medications do?

A

Stimulate sympathetic receptors (vasoconstriction)

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7
Q

Where is beta 2 found?

A

Lungs

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8
Q

What do cholinergic medications do?

A

Bronchodilation and vasodilation in vessels of skeletal muscles but without input to beta receptors

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9
Q

What are the types of beta 2 agonists?

A

Long acting beta agonists (LABA)

Fast acting (SABA)

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10
Q

What is the time frame of long acting beta agonists?

A

30 minutes to become effective

Lasts 12 hours

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11
Q

What do LABAs function as?

A

Maintenance bronchodilator

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12
Q

What are LABAs not for?

A

Acute Dyspnea

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13
Q

How often should LABAs be dosed?

A

2 puffs twice daily

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14
Q

What are types of LABAs?

A

Salmeterol (serevent)

Foradil

Brovana

Perforomist

Arcapta maleate

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15
Q

What is the advantage of beta 2 agonists over other sympathomimetics?

A

Affect lungs without affecting peripheral or cardiac receptors

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16
Q

What is the effect of beta 2 agonists?

A

Relax smooth muscle by increasing cAMP levels

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17
Q

When should SABA be used?

A

For emergency or exercise

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18
Q

What is the timeframe of SABA?

A

<5 min

Lasts 4-6 hours

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19
Q

When is SABA commonly used?

A

With asthma (especially an asthma attack)

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20
Q

What is the dosage of SABA?

A

2-4 puffs

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21
Q

What happens if you frequently use SABA?

A

Decreases effectiveness

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22
Q

How can SABAs be delivered?

A

Inhaler or nebulizer

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23
Q

What are names of SABAs?

A

Albuterol

Ventolin

Provetil

Proair

Xopenix

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24
Q

What are parasympatholytic (anti-cholinergic) drugs often referred to as?

A

Muscarinic antagonist (SAMA or LAMA)

25
Q

What do parasympatholytic (anti-cholinergic) drugs do?

A

Block parasympathetic actions by blocking AcH from binding to muscarinic receptors

26
Q

What are names of parasympatholytic (anti-cholinergic) drugs?

A

Atropine

Ipratropium (inhaled)

Tiatropium (inhaled)

Tudorza pressair

27
Q

What is the downside of atropine?

A

Absorbed into systemic system and causes depression and hallucinations

28
Q

What are combination meds used for?

A

So someone does not have to use 2 inhalers

29
Q

What are types combination meds?

A

Combivent or duoneb (ipratroptium + albuterol)

Stiolto (tiotropium+olodaterol)

30
Q

What are methylxanthines?

A

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (block inactivation of cAMP)

31
Q

What are methylxanthines believed to do?

A

Inhibit prostaglandin, block adenosine receptors, and enhance endogenous catecholamine level

32
Q

What are side effects of methylxanthines?

A

Increased myocardial workload

Increased risk of ventricular dysrhythmias

May cause diuresis

33
Q

How are anti inflammatory used?

A

Inhaled (local effect)

Ingested (systemic effect)

34
Q

What are anti inflammatories used for?

A

Long term control

35
Q

What are side effects of anti-inflammatories?

A

Throat thrush if you do not rinse mouth after using ICS

36
Q

What are oral anti-inflammatories (steroids)?

A

Prednisone, deltasone, orasone

Prednisolone (pediapred)

Methylprednisolone (medrol)

37
Q

What are adverse effects of anti-inflammatory medications?

A

Immunosupression

GI disturbance

Insomnia

Osteoporosis

Growth retardation

Hyperglycemia (steroid induced diabetes)

Cushing syndrome

38
Q

How do you avoid adverse affects when taking anti-inflammatories?

A

Inhale them rather than orally take them

39
Q

What side effects does LABA have?

A

Sympathetic

40
Q

What do leukotriene inhibitors do?

A

Promote neutrophil-endothelial interactions, induce bronchospasm, and increase airway hyperresponsiveness

41
Q

What are leukotriene inhibitors used to treat?

A

Asthma and allergies

42
Q

What are types of leukotriene inhibitors?

A

Singulair

Accolate

Zyflo

LTD4

43
Q

What are side effects of leukotriene inhibitors?

A

Headaches and fatigue

44
Q

What is dosage of oxygen dependent on?

A

Developed based on arterial blood gases

45
Q

When should you initiate oxygen in a patient?

A

When SpO2 < 88% or PaO2 < 55%

46
Q

What is the best medication for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Esbriet (pirfenidone) which has anti fibrotic and anti inflammatory processes

47
Q

What are side effects of Esbriet (pirfenidone)?

A

GI and photosensitivity

48
Q

What is a medication used to treat cystic fibrosis?

A

Trikafta (ivacaftor)

49
Q

How does Trikafta (ivacaftor) help treat cystic fibrosis?

A

Helps defective CTFR protein found in CF function more effectively

50
Q

What are side effects of Trikafta (ivacaftor)?

A

Flu

Headache

Upper respiratory tract infection

Abdominal pain

51
Q

What do decongestants do?

A

Treat upper airway mucosal edema and discharge

52
Q

What do antihistamines do?

A

Decrease mucosal congestion, irritation, and discharge caused by inhaled allergens

53
Q

What are antitussive meds used for?

A

Sedation (cough suppressants for night time use)

54
Q

What do mucokinetics promote?

A

Mobilization and removal of secretions

55
Q

What do mucolytics do?

A

Decrease viscosity

56
Q

What do expectorants do?

A

Increases production of respiratory secretions

57
Q

What do wetting agents do?

A

Humidify and lubricate secretions

58
Q

What do surface active agents do?

A

Stabilize aerosol droplets

Cardiopulmonary (20 decks)

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