Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiopulmonary > Acute Pulmonary > Flashcards

Acute Pulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

Atelectasis (not super concerning)

A

Small airway collapse (prolonged dependency of lower lobes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When is atelectasis common?

A

Post surgery (obesity is greater risk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are symptoms of atelectasis?

A

Fever

Tachypnea

Tachycardia

Scattered rales (Velcro noise)

Decreased breath sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can happen if atelectasis persists for > 72 hours?

A

Likely to develop pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is atelectasis easily preventable?

A

Taking full deep breaths (10 an hour)

Early mobilization

Frequent changes in position

Encouragement to cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Acute bronchitis

A

Acute inflammation of the large airways of lungs (95% due to virus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When does acute bronchitis become more likely?

A

During flu season (fairly common, can lead to secondary pneumonia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are symptoms of acute bronchitis?

A

Productive cough

Malaise

Difficulty breathing

Wheezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pneumonia

A

Acute inflammation of the lungs due to infection or inability to keep lower respiratory tract clean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When does pneumonia occur?

A

When the infection gets past the mucociliary elevator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why are the lungs an ideal breeding ground for pathogens in pneumonia?

A

Moist warm environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the types of pneumonia?

A

Community acquired

Health care associated

Ventilator associated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can you prevent pneumonia?

A

Flu vaccine

Clean equipment

Wash hands

Position in semirecumbent position

Activity helps clean lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the onset of bacterial pneumonia?

A

Abrupt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the key sign of bacterial pneumonia?

A

Productive cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What will you see on imaging for bacterial pneumonia?

A

Lobar segmental consolidations

Pleural fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 4 stages of bacterial pneumonia?

A

Congestion (24hrs)

Red hepatization (2-3 days post consolidation)

Grey hepatization (2-3 days post RH)

Resolution (2-3 days post GH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is consolidation in the lungs?

A

Region of normally compressible lung tissue that has filled with liquid instead of air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the lung look like in the red hepatization phase?

A

Consistency of the liver due to hyperemia and exudate in the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the onset of viral pneumonia?

A

Insidious (gradual)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is on imaging for viral pneumonia?

A

Diffuse airway changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bronchiolitis obliterans

A

Acute inflammatory injury due to a diffuse destruction of bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What causes bronchiolitis obliterans?

A

Infection

Toxic gas exposure

Collagen disorder

Chronic bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why do pediatrics get bronchiolitis obliterans?

A

Severe lower respiratory airway infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia

A

Diffuse interstitial lung disease that primary affects the alveolar walls (also affects distal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, and alveolar ducts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is pleural effusion?

A

Excessive collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does pleural effusion create?

A

Restrictive lung defect, V/Q mismatch, and increase work of breathing

28
Q

What are signs of pleural effusion?

A

Decreased breath sounds

Decreased chest expansion

Pleural rub (early)

29
Q

What can result in severe cases of pleural effusion?

A

Mediastinal shift

30
Q

What is transudative pleural effusion?

A

Non infectious, results from mechanical factors influenced by rate of formation of pleural fluid

31
Q

What occurs in transudative pleural effusion?

A

Heart failure

Pulmonary embolism

Decrease lymphatic drainage

Decrease osmotic pressure

32
Q

What is exudative pleural effusion?

A

Caused by infection (pneumonia, malignancies, or tuberculosis)

33
Q

What type of cough is in transudative pleural effusion?

A

Non productive

34
Q

What type of cough is in exudative pleural effusion?

A

Productive cough

35
Q

What is the most common bones fractured in the chest due to trauma?

A

Ribs 4-10

36
Q

What is indicated if there is an upper rib fracture (ribs 1-3)?

A

High energy trauma (hardest to break)

37
Q

What is at an increased risk associated with lower rib fractures?

A

Intra abdominal injury

38
Q

What often results in an unstable chest wall?

A

Fractures in two locations on the same rib of 3 or more adjacent ribs

39
Q

What happens in flail chest?

A

Chest wall falls in during inspiration

Chest wall falls out during expiration

40
Q

What is at risk with flail chest?

A

Lacerated organs (kidney, liver, lungs) and possible respiratory failure

41
Q

What is pneumothorax?

A

Air or blood in the pleural space due to a breach in the parietal or visceral pleura

42
Q

What happens in pneumothorax?

A

Ipsilateral lung collapses causing hypoxia

43
Q

What does continued pressure increase in pneumothorax lead to?

A

Mediastinum shift toward contralateral lung and compresses it worsening the hypoxia

44
Q

What are symptoms of early pneumothorax?

A

Dyspnea, sudden sharp pain, tachycardia, decrease breath sounds and chest expansion

45
Q

What are the symptoms of late pneumothorax?

A

Decreased BP and tracheal shift

46
Q

What is primary pneumothorax?

A

Spontaneous occurrence with no underlying lung disease (more common in young tall thin males)

47
Q

What is secondary pneumothorax?

A

Associated with underlying lung disease like COPD

48
Q

What is iatrogenic pneumothorax?

A

Due to diagnostic or medical procedure

49
Q

What is traumatic pneumothorax?

A

Results from penetrating or non penetrating chest trauma

50
Q

What occurs in tension pneumothorax?

A

One way valve forms allowing air into pleural space but not out
(Mediastinal shift away from affected lung) (medical emergency)

51
Q

What is the third most common cause of death in hospitalized patients?

A

Pulmonary embolism

52
Q

Who does pulmonary embolism usually occur in?

A

Patients with previous thrombosis or at risk of it (starts in LEs and moves to lungs)

53
Q

What can pulmonary embolism lead to?

A

Cor pulmonale

54
Q

What is scoring of wells?

A

> 6= high

2-6= moderate

<2= low

55
Q

What is pulmonary edema?

A

Abnormal fluid in extravascular components of lungs

56
Q

What is pulmonary edema due to the failure of?

A

Capillary and alveolar epithelium to protect respiratory system

pulmonary lymphatics to clear fluid

57
Q

What are causes of pulmonary edema?

A

LV heart failure

Acute lung injury

Pulmonary embolism

Drowning

58
Q

What is acute respiratory distress syndrome?

A

Acute onset of severe noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, hypoxemia, and the need of ventilation

59
Q

What is a common cause of respiratory failure in critically ill patients?

A

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

60
Q

What are the most common causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome?

A

Pneumonia

Sepsis

Aspiration of gastric content or severe trauma

61
Q

What occurs in acute respiratory failure?

A

Inadequate gas exchange

62
Q

What is type 1 acute respiratory failure?

A

Hypoxia without hypercapnia (low PaO2 and normal PCO2)

63
Q

What is type 2 acute respiratory failure?

A

Hypoxia with hypercapnia (low PaO2, high PCO2, and low pH)

64
Q

What is treatment of acute respiratory failure?

A

Respiratory support to correct PaO2 and PCO2 (CPAP or mechanical ventilation)

65
Q

What does prolonged mechanical ventilation result in?

A

Rapid onset of diaphragmatic atrophy and weakness

66
Q

How long on mechanical ventilation until significant atrophy in both slow and fast fibers?

A

12-18 hours

67
Q

What does the rate of mechanical ventilation induced atrophy and weakness exceed?

A

Phrenic Denervation

Cardiopulmonary (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions